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יבמות י״ג:ו׳ - י״ג:ז׳

The Mishnah Yomi for Friday, January 10, 2020 is יבמות י״ג:ו׳ - י״ג:ז׳

＜ היום הקודםהיוםלמחרת ＞

משנה א

Mishnayos Yevamos Perek 13 Mishnah 6

יבמות פרק י"ג משנה ו׳

6
With regard to one who divorces a woman and remarries her and then dies childless, his wife is permitted to enter into levirate marriage with her yavam, but Rabbi Elazar prohibits this. Likewise, with regard to one who divorces an orphaned minor girl whose mother and brothers married her off and remarries her and subsequently dies, she is permitted to the yavam in levirate marriage, and Rabbi Elazar prohibits it. A minor girl whose father married her off, in which case the marriage is valid by Torah law, and who was subsequently divorced while she was still a minor is like an orphan during the lifetime of her father, as he no longer has the right to marry her off, and she cannot become fully married because she is a minor. And if the husband remarries her while she is still a minor and then dies childless, everyone agrees that she is forbidden to the yavam and may not enter into levirate marriage.
הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת הָאִשָּׁה וְהֶחֱזִירָהּ, מֻתֶּרֶת לַיָּבָם. וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹסֵר. וְכֵן הַמְגָרֵשׁ אֶת הַיְתוֹמָה וְהֶחֱזִירָהּ, מֻתֶּרֶת לַיָּבָם. וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹסֵר. קְטַנָּה שֶׁהִשִּׂיאָהּ אָבִיהָ וְנִתְגָּרְשָׁה, כִּיתוֹמָה בְחַיֵּי הָאָב. הֶחֱזִירָהּ, דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל, אֲסוּרָה לַיָּבָם:
ו׳
ברטנורא

מותרת לבים – and we don’t say that the first marriage cause the sister-in-law to fall before the levir, and from the time that his brother divorced her, it establishes upon her the prohibition of the brother’s wife, that would be for her upon the divorce of his brother.

רבי אליעזר אוסר – he decrees all of these because of the orphan during the life of the father, for we say further on in our Mishnah that after her return, she is like a divorced woman even according to the Rabbis, but the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer.

ביתומה בחיי האב – even though the father is living, she is like an orphan in regard to Kiddushin, for furthermore, the father does not have the power to receive her betrothal/Kiddushin. But if he restored her [as his wife] while she was a minor, she prohibited to engage in levirate marriage if he dies while she is a minor, for the return of betrothal/Kiddushin is not anything, for since the control of the father upon her has been released, she herself lacks a hand and she would be like a divorced woman continuously.

מותרת ליבם. ולא אמרינן נישואין הראשונים מפילין היבמה לפני היבם ומשעה שגירשה אחיו קיימא עליה באיסור אשת אח דהויא לה גרושת אחיו:

רבי אליעזר אוסר. דגזר כל הני אטו יתומה בחיי האב דאמרינן לקמן במתניתין דלאחר חזרתה הרי היא כגרושה אפילו לרבנן. ואין הלכה כרבי אליעזר:

כיתומה בחיי האב. אף על פי שהאב חי הרי היא כיתומה לענין קדושין, דשוב אין לאב כח לקבל קדושיה. ואם החזירה בקטנותה, אסורה ליבם אם מת בקטנותה, דקדושי חזרה אינן כלום הואיל ופקע רשות אב מינה והיא אין לה יד, והויא כגרושה ועומדת:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Yevamos Perek 13 Mishnah 7

יבמות פרק י"ג משנה ז׳

7
If two brothers are married to two minor sisters, and the husband of one of them dies childless, this widowed girl shall be exempt from levirate marriage due to her status as a forbidden relative, as one is prohibited from marrying the sister of his wife. The same halakha applies to two deaf-mute women, whose status is like that of two minors in this matter, as their marriages are valid by rabbinic law. And if two brothers were married to two sisters, one of them an adult and the other a minor, and the husband of the minor dies, the minor shall leave due to her status as the sister of a wife, as in the first case in the mishna. But if the husband of the adult dies, it generates a Torah obligation of levirate marriage, which is not abrogated by the rabbinic prohibition proscribing the yevama as his wife’s sister. This prohibition is by rabbinic law, because marriage to a minor is rabbinic in origin. What does one do under such circumstances? Rabbi Eliezer says: We instruct the minor, i.e., his wife, to refuse him, so that her marriage is dissolved and he may then enter into levirate marriage with her adult sister, the widow of his childless brother. Rabban Gamliel says: If the minor refuses of her own accord, her refusal is valid. And if not, she should wait until she reaches majority, whereupon her marriage is valid by Torah law, and that widowed adult sister shall be exempt from levirate marriage due to her status as the sister of a wife. Rabbi Yehoshua says: When the brother married to the adult sister dies, leaving the brother married to the minor, woe [ee] to him for his wife, woe to him for his brother’s wife. Under these circumstances, he loses both women: He must release his own wife with a bill of divorce and his brother’s wife by performing ḥalitza. He cannot stay married to his wife because she is the sister of his yevama, and he cannot enter into levirate marriage with the yevama even after divorcing his wife, because the yevama is his wife’s sister. The principle that one is completely absolved from levirate marriage when the potential yevama is a forbidden relative does not apply because Torah law does not recognize his marriage to his minor wife. That marriage’s rabbinic sanction does not suffice to render the yevama, his wife’s sister, a forbidden relative who is not a candidate for levirate marriage.
שְׁנֵי אַחִין נְשׂוּאִין לִשְׁתֵּי אֲחָיוֹת יְתוֹמוֹת קְטַנּוֹת, וּמֵת בַּעְלָהּ שֶׁל אַחַת מֵהֶן, תֵּצֵא מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. וְכֵן שְׁתֵּי חֵרְשׁוֹת גְדוֹלָה וּקְטַנָּה, מֵת בַּעְלָהּ שֶׁל קְטַנָּה, תֵּצֵא הַקְּטַנָּה מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. מֵת בַּעְלָהּ שֶׁל גְּדוֹלָה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מְלַמְּדִין אֶת הַקְּטַנָּה שֶׁתְּמָאֵן בּוֹ. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אִם מֵאֲנָה, מֵאֲנָה. וְאִם לָאו, תַּמְתִּין עַד שֶׁתַּגְדִּיל, וְתֵצֵא הַלָּזוּ מִשּׁוּם אֲחוֹת אִשָּׁה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, אִי לוֹ עַל אִשְׁתּוֹ, וְאִי לוֹ עַל אֵשֶׁת אָחִיו. מוֹצִיא אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ בְגֵט, וְאֵשֶׁת אָחִיו בַּחֲלִיצָה:
ז׳
ברטנורא

תצא משום אחות אשה – and she is exempt from Halitzah and from levirate marriage.

מת בעלה של גדולה – and she fell before the husband of the younger [sister], the levirate relation of the older [sister]which she according to the Torah prohibits the younger [sister] upon him because her marriage is according to the Rabbis and she would be the sister of her levirate relation. What are they to do?

רבי אליעזר אומר מלמדים הקטנה שתמאן בו – and uproot her marriage, and he would perform levirate marriage to the older, and the Halakha is according to him.

רבן גמליאל אומר – the levirate relation of the older [sister] does not prohibit the younger [sister], for Rabban Gamaliel holds that the levirate marriage is not strong to prohibit his wife upon him; therefore, if she refuses, it is better and the older [sister] should under go levirate marriage, and if not, the younger [sister] should wait with him until she grows up and her marriage will be according to the Torah, and afterwards, the older [sister] will leave because of [the prohibition of] the wife’s sister. But not to have Halitzah for the older [sister], because he has invalidated the first [sister] upon him because of being the sister of the woman who performed Halitzah.

אי לו – Woe to him who removes his wife with a Jewish bill of divorce and doesn’t teach her to refuse/protest, for we state that a person should distance himself protests/refusals.

תצא משום אחות אשה. ופטורה מן החליצה ומן היבום:

מת בעלה של גדולה. ונפלה לפני בעל הקטנה, זיקתה של גדולה שהיא מן התורה, אוסרת קטנה עליו משום דנישואיה דרבנן, והויא לה אחות זקוקתו. ומה יעשו:

רבי אליעזר אומר מלמדים הקטנה. שתמאן בו. ותעקור נשואיה, ויהא מיבם את הגדולה. והלכתא כותיה:

רבן גמליאל אומר. אין זיקת גדולה אוסרת את הקטנה, דסבר רבן גמליאל דלא אלימא זיקה לאסור את אשתו עליו, הלכך אם מיאנה מוטב ותתיבם הגדולה, ואם לאו, תמתין הקטנה אצלו עד שתגדיל ויהיו נישואיה דאורייתא ואחר כך תצא הגדולה משום אחות אשה. אבל לחלוץ לגדולה לא, דפסל את הראשונה עליו משום אחות חלוצה:

אי לו. אוי לו. שמוציא את אשתו בגט, ואין מלמדין אותה למאן, דאמרינן שיתרחק אדם מן המיאונים:

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