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המשנה היומית של היום

יומא ב׳:ב׳ - ב׳:ג׳

The Mishnah Yomi for Thursday, July 23, 2020 is יומא ב׳:ב׳ - ב׳:ג׳

＜ היום הקודםהיוםלמחרת ＞

משנה א

Mishnayos Yoma Perek 2 Mishnah 2

יומא פרק ב׳ משנה ב׳

2
Initially, that was the procedure; however, an incident occurred where both of them were equal as they were running and ascending on the ramp, and one of them shoved another and he fell and his leg was broken. And once the court saw that people were coming to potential danger, they instituted that priests would remove ashes from the altar only by means of a lottery. There were four lotteries there, in the Temple, on a daily basis to determine the priests privileged to perform the various services, and this, determining which priest would remove the ashes, was the first lottery.
מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁהָיוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם שָׁוִין וְרָצִין וְעוֹלִין בַּכֶּבֶשׁ, וְדָחַף אֶחָד מֵהֶן אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ, וְנָפַל וְנִשְׁבְּרָה רַגְלוֹ. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁרָאוּ בֵית דִּין שֶׁבָּאִין לִידֵי סַכָּנָה, הִתְקִינוּ שֶׁלֹּא יְהוּ תוֹרְמִין אֶת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ אֶלָּא בְפַיִס. אַרְבָּעָה פְיָסוֹת הָיוּ שָׁם, וְזֶה הַפַּיִס הָרִאשׁוֹן:
ב׳
ברטנורא

אלא בפייס – as we have explained.

ארבע פייסות היו שם – four times during the day, they would be gathered to arbitrate, and they would not arbitrate for all of them in one meeting, in order to announce by sound four times that there is a large gathering of people in the courtyard, and that is for the honor of the King (i.e., God), as it is stated (Psalms 55:15): “[Sweet was our fellowship;] we walked together in God’s house.”

אלא בפייס. זה שפירשנו:

ארבע פייסות היו שם. ארבע פעמים ביום נאספים לפייס. ולא היו מפייסים על כולם באסיפה אחת, כדי להשמיע קול ארבע פעמים שיש עם רב בעזרה, וזהו כבודו של מלך שנאמר (תהילים נ״ה:ט״ו) בבית אלהים נהלך ברגש:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Yoma Perek 2 Mishnah 3

יומא פרק ב׳ משנה ג׳

3
The second lottery conducted daily among the priests determines the following: Who slaughters the daily morning offering, who sprinkles its blood, who removes the ashes from the inner altar, and who removes the ashes and burnt wicks from the candelabrum, and who takes the limbs of the daily offering up to the ramp to be burned later. This is how the limbs were divided before taking them up to the altar: The head and the right leg were carried by one priest, and the two forelegs were carried by a second priest. The tail, including the lower vertebrae of the spinal column and the fat tail, and the left leg were carried by a third priest. And the breast and the throat and some of the inner organs attached to it were carried by a fourth priest. And the two flanks were taken by a fifth priest, and the intestines by a sixth priest. And the fine flour of the meal-offering accompanying the daily offering was carried by a seventh priest. And the High Priest’s daily griddle-cake offering was carried by an eighth priest, and the wine for libation was carried by a ninth priest. Altogether thirteen priests prevailed in this lottery: Nine priests who carried the daily offering and its accompanying elements, and four who performed the slaughter, sprinkling, and removal of ashes from the inner altar and the candelabrum. Ben Azzai said before Rabbi Akiva in the name of RabbiYehoshua: That was not the sequence of taking the limbs up to the ramp; rather, the order in which it was sacrificed was according to the way it walks when alive, as will be explained in the Gemara.
הַפַּיִס הַשֵּׁנִי, מִי שׁוֹחֵט, מִי זוֹרֵק, וּמִי מְדַשֵּׁן מִזְבֵּחַ הַפְּנִימִי, וּמִי מְדַשֵּׁן אֶת הַמְּנוֹרָה, וּמִי מַעֲלֶה אֵבָרִים לַכֶּבֶשׁ, הָרֹאשׁ וְהָרֶגֶל, וּשְׁתֵּי הַיָּדַיִם, הָעֹקֶץ וְהָרֶגֶל, הֶחָזֶה וְהַגֵּרָה, וּשְׁתֵּי הַדְּפָנוֹת, וְהַקְּרָבַיִם, וְהַסֹּלֶת, וְהַחֲבִתִּין, וְהַיָּיִן. שְׁלשָׁה עָשָׂר כֹּהֲנִים זָכוּ בוֹ. אָמַר בֶּן עַזַּאי לִפְנֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, דֶּרֶךְ הִלּוּכוֹ הָיָה קָרֵב:
ג׳
ברטנורא

מי שוחט – the daily offering (of mid-afternoon).

מי זורק וכו' – all the acts of Divine worship are done at one arbitration/count (i.e., by counting out a certain number of raised fingers of those among whom a decision is to be made. For whomever completed through him the count, according to how we explained it, is worthy, and he casts the blood to the altar after he receives the blood in the bowl (out of which the sprinkling of the blood is done), for the person who casts the blood is the person who receives it. And nearest him is the person who slaughters, and even though the slaughtering precedes the reception of the blood, nevertheless, because the Divine service of the casting is greater than the slaughtering, for the slaughtering is valid [when done] by a foreigner (i.e., a non-Kohen), which is not the case regarding the casting and the reception [of the blood] and further which is the commandment of the Kohanim, therefore, the first one who was found worthy in the arbitration for the casting [of the blood], and the one nearest him, in the slaughtering, and the one next to the slaughterer, removes the ashes from the altar, and the one nearest to the individual who removes the ashes from the altar removes the ashes from the candelabrum/Menorah, and similarly for all of them.

הראש והרגל – of the right side by one Kohen.

ושתי הידים – by a second Kohen.

העוקץ – that is the tail.

והרגל – of the left side, with the third Kohen.

החזה – that is the fat of the of the breast which looks towards the ground, and we sever it this way and that way without the heads of the wing.

והגרה – the place where the ruminant, which is the neck, and through it are attached the windpipe, the lung with the liver and the heart. The breast and the neck is with a fourth Kohen.

ושתי הדפנות – with a fifth Kohen.

והקרבים – with a sixth [Kohen].

והסולת – the one-tenth of an Ephah for the meal offering of his libation of the daily afternoon offering with a seventh [Kohen].

והחביתים – half of one-tenth of an Ephah for the meal offering of the High Priest which is offered with the daily afternoon offering on each day, as it states (Leviticus 6:13): “half of it in the morning and half of it in the evening,” with an eighth Kohen.

והיין – three LOGS for the libation of the daily afternoon offering, with a ninth [Kohen].

י"ג כהנים זוכין בו – with this arbitration, thirteen Divine services of the Priests who are appointed for this according to the order that is written in the Mishnah.

כדרך הלוכו – during his life.

היה קרב – the daily afternoon offering. The first teacher holds that the best and most beautiful is offered first, but [Shimon] Ben Azzai holds that it is according to the way in which it is walked, the head and the leg, the breast and the neck, and the two forelegs, and the chest surrounding the lungs and the rib, and the rump and the hind legs. But the Halakha is not according to Ben Azzai.

מי שוחט. את התמיד:

מי זורק וכו׳ כל העבודות הללו בפייס אחד הן. שמי שיכלה בו החשבון כמו שפירשנו, זכה, והוא זורק את הדם למזבח אחר שקבל הדם במזרק שהזורק הוא המקבל. והסמוך לו שוחט. ואע״פ שהשחיטה קודמת לקבלת הדם מ״מ מפני שעבודת הזריקה גדולה מן השחיטה שהשחיטה כשרה בזר משא״כ בזריקה דמקבלה ואילך מצות כהונה, לפיכך זכה הראשון שהגיע לו הפייס בזריקה, והסמוך לו בשחיטה. והסמוך לשוחט מדשן את המזבח, והסמוך למדשן את המזבח מדשן את המנורה. וכן כולם:

הראש והרגל. של ימין, בכהן אחד:

ושתי הידים. בכהן שני:

העוקץ. הוא הזנב

והרגל של שמאל, בכהן שלישי:

החזה. הוא שומן החזה הרואה את הקרקע, וחותכין אותו אילך ואילך בלא ראשי הצלעות:

והגרה. מקום שהוא מעלה גרה, הוא הצואר, ובו מחוברים קנה הריאה עם הכבד והלב. החזה והגרה בכהן רביעי.

ושתי הדפנות. בכהן חמישי.

והקרבים. בששי.

והסולת. עשרון למנחת נסכו של תמיד בשביעי.

והחביתים. חצי עשרון למנחתו של כהן גדול שקריבה עם התמידים בכל יום שנאמר (ויקרא ו׳:י״ג) מחציתה בבוקר ומחציתה בערב, בשמיני.

והיין. ג׳ לוגין לנסך התמיד, בתשיעי:

י״ג כהנים זוכין בו. בפייס זה, י״ג עבודות של כהנים המנויות בהן כפי הסדר הכתוב במשנה:

כדרך הלוכו. בחייו:

היה קרב התמיד. ת״ק סבר הטוב והיפה קרב תחלה. ובן עזאי סבר כדרך הלוכו, הראש והרגל, החזה והגרה, ושתי הידים, ושתי הדפנות, העוקץ והרגל. ואין הלכה כבן עזאי:

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