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פסחים ג׳:ד׳ - ג׳:ה׳

The Mishnah Yomi for Sunday, September 27, 2020 is פסחים ג׳:ד׳ - ג׳:ה׳

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משנה א

Mishnayos Pesachim Perek 3 Mishnah 4

פסחים פרק ג׳ משנה ד׳

4
Rabban Gamliel says: Three women may knead their dough as one, meaning at one time, and bake the batches of dough in one oven, one after the other, and they need not be concerned that their dough will become leavened while they are waiting to use the oven. And the Rabbis say: Three women may be engaged in preparing dough as one, in the following manner: One kneads her dough as another one arranges her own dough so it takes the form of matza, while another one bakes her dough. Rabbi Akiva says: Not all women, not all wood, and not all ovens are the same, and therefore no set rules should be established. Rather, this is the principle: If the dough begins to rise, she should spread cold water in which she immersed her hands, onto the dough, in order to stop the leavening process.
רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, שָׁלֹשׁ נָשִׁים לָשׁוֹת כְּאַחַת וְאוֹפוֹת בְּתַנּוּר אֶחָד, זוֹ אַחַר זוֹ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, שָׁלֹשׁ נָשִׁים עוֹסְקוֹת בַּבָּצֵק, אַחַת לָשָׁה וְאַחַת עוֹרֶכֶת וְאַחַת אוֹפָה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לֹא כָל הַנָּשִׁים וְלֹא כָל הָעֵצִים וְלֹא כָל הַתַּנּוּרִים שָׁוִין. זֶה הַכְּלָל, תָּפַח, תִּלְטֹשׁ בְּצוֹנֵן:
ד׳
ברטנורא

שלש נשים לשות כאחת – Each one [all together] in a full oven, and there is no fermentation, even though [that one of them] is waiting until the other two make it.

וחכ"א – one does not have to be so liberal that they would kneading all together, but three women are engaged, each one on her piece of dough.

אחת לשה – the concluding one kneads while her middle neighbor forms the dough and smoothens its surfaces while the third one that kneads first bakes. It is found that all three of them are engaged at the same time – each one with her own dough, one kneads hers, another forms the dough and smoothens its surfaces and one bakes hers.

לא כל הנשים – Rabbi Akiva [is reacting] to the words of Rabban Gamaliel when he returns and says that it is inappropriate to follow his words. Because there are lazy women which will cause fermenting with such a delay, and there is an oven that does not get hot in a hurry and there is wood that is not burned quickly, but rather, according to the words of the Sages, it is appropriate to follow – to engage at all times with the dough , for all the time that they are engaged with the dough, it does not come to fermentation. And such is the Halakha.

זה הכלל תפח – the dough that is in her hands that she sees that it wants to swell.

תלטוש – her hand in cold water and form the dough and smoothen its surface and it will become cold.

שלש נשים לשות כאחת. כל אחת תנור מלא, ואין כאן חימוץ, אף על פי [שהאחת] ממתנת עד שיאפו השתים:

וחכ״א. אין להקל כל כך שיהו לשות כאחת, אלא שלש נשים עוסקות כל אחת בבצק שלה:

אחת לשה. האחרונה לשה כשחברתה האמצעית מקטפת, והשלישית שלשה תחלה אופה, נמצאו שלשתן עוסקות בבת אחת, כל אחת בבצק שלה, אחת לשה שלה, ואחת מקטפת שלה, ואחת אופה שלה:

לא כל הנשים. רבי עקיבא אמלתיה דרבן גמליאל קא מהדר ואמר שאין ראוי לעשות כדבריו. לפי שיש נשים עצלניות ומחמיצות אם שוהות כל כך, ויש תנור שאינו חם מהר, ויש עצים שאין נבערים מהר. אלא כדברי חכמים ראוי לעשות, לעסוק תמיד בבצק, שכל זמן שעוסקין בבצק אינו בא לידי חמוץ. וכן הלכה:

זה הכלל תפח. הבצק שבידה שרואה שרוצה לתפוח:

תלטוש. ידה במים צוננין ותקטפנה ותצטנן:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Pesachim Perek 3 Mishnah 5

פסחים פרק ג׳ משנה ה׳

5
Dough at the beginning of the leavening process [siur], must be burned, but one who eats it is exempt from the punishment of karet because the dough had not become fully leavened. Dough that has reached the stage of cracking must be burned, and one who eats it intentionally is liable to receive karet, as he has intentionally eaten leavened bread during Passover. What is considered siur? Dough that has been leavened to the point that it has cracks that look like the antennae of locusts. The stage of cracking occurs later in the leavening process, when the cracks intermingle. This is the statement of Rabbi Yehuda. And the Rabbis say: One who intentionally eats either this or that, dough with cracks like locust antennae or with cracks that have become intermingled, is liable to receive karet, as once dough begins to crack it has certainly become leavened. And what is siur? It is any dough whose surface has becomes pale like the face of a person whose hair stands on end due to fear.
שִׂאוּר, יִשָּׂרֵף, וְהָאוֹכְלוֹ פָטוּר. סָדוּק, יִשָּׂרֵף, וְהָאוֹכְלוֹ חַיָּב כָּרֵת. אֵיזֶהוּ שִׂאוּר, כְּקַרְנֵי חֲגָבִים. סָדוּק, שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ סְדָקָיו זֶה בָזֶה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, זֶה וָזֶה, הָאוֹכְלוֹ חַיָּב כָּרֵת. וְאֵיזֶהוּ שִׂאוּר, כָּל שֶׁהִכְסִיפוּ פָנָיו כְּאָדָם שֶׁעָמְדוּ שַׂעֲרוֹתָיו:
ה׳
ברטנורא

שיאור – that did not ferment all the way: [cracks] it is the manner of dough that rfermits that it makes many cracks.

כקני חגבים – a crack to this side and a crack on the other side.

זה וזה האוכלו חייב כרת – for the locust’s horns also are a crack. And what is a fermentation that would be exempt? This which has no crack, but if the dough became pale and wrinkled like a person whose stair stood up out of fright [that his face grows pale]. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.

שיאור. שלא החמיץ כל צרכו: [סידוק] דרך הבצק כשמחמיץ נעשה סדקים סדקים:

כקרני חגבים. סדק לכאן וסדק לכאן:

זה וזה האוכלו חייב כרת. דקרני חגבים נמי הוא סדוק. ואיזהו שיאור שפטור, זה שאין בו שום סדוק אבל הכסיפו פניו כאדם שעמדו שערותיו מתוך פחד [שפניו מכסיפין]. והלכה כחכמים:

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