ื ืคืชื— ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
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ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื
ืคืจืง ื”ืณ

Mishnayos Shekalim Perek 5 Mishnah 1

ืฉืงืœื™ื ืคืจืง ื”ืณ ืžืฉื ื” ืืณ

1
These are the officials who served in specific positions in the Temple: Yoแธฅanan ben Pineแธฅas was responsible for the seals. One who paid for a specific type of sacrificial item received a seal, which he presented to the Temple official in exchange for that item. Aแธฅiyya was responsible for the libations, i.e., the wine, oil, and flour prepared with the level of ritual purity necessary for the libation offerings and the meal-offerings, which accompanied many animal offerings. Aแธฅiyya supplied the libations to those who presented the appropriate seal. Matya ben Shmuel was responsible for the lotteries, which were used to select priests for the various Temple services each day. Petaแธฅya was responsible for the pairs of birds, i.e., the turtledoves or pigeons, brought by a zav, a zava, a woman after childbirth, and a leper. They placed the appropriate sum of money into the horn designated for this purpose, and each day Petaแธฅya oversaw the purchase of birds from that money and their sacrifice in the proper manner. Incidentally, the Gemara mentions: Petaแธฅya is Mordecai from the book of Esther. And why was he called Petaแธฅya, which resembles the word for opening [petaแธฅ]? The reason is that he would open, i.e., elucidate, difficult topics and interpret them to the people, and because he knew all seventy languages known at the time. The mishna resumes the list of officials. Ben Aแธฅiyya was responsible for the care of the priests who suffered from intestinal disease. Neแธฅunya was the well digger for pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem for the Festivals. Gevini was the Temple crier who would awaken the priests and the Levites for their Temple duties. Ben Gever was responsible for locking the Temple gates in the evening and for unlocking them in the morning. Ben Bevai was appointed over the shreds of garments, which were formed into wicks for the Temple candelabra. He also supervised the twisting of those wicks into the appropriate thickness for the various nights during the different seasons of the year. Ben Arza was responsible for the cymbal, which was rung as a signal that the Levites should commence their song. Hugras ben Levi was responsible for the song. He taught and conducted the singers in the Temple. The house of Garmu was responsible for the preparation of the shewbread; the house of Avtinas was responsible for the preparation of the incense; and Elazar was responsible for weaving the Temple curtains; and Pineแธฅas was the valet, who assisted the priests in fitting their clothes and dressing themselves for their Temple service.
ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ื”ึตืŸ ื”ึทืžึฐืžึปื ึผึดื™ืŸ ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดืงึฐื“ึผึธืฉื, ื™ื•ึนื—ึธื ึธืŸ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืคึผึดื ึฐื—ึธืก ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื—ื•ึนืชึธืžื•ึนืช, ืึฒื—ึดื™ึผึธื” ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื ึผึฐืกึธื›ึดื™ื, ืžึทืชึผึดืชึฐื™ึธื” ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึผืึตืœ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืคึผึฐื™ึธืกื•ึนืช, ืคึผึฐืชึทื—ึฐื™ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืงึผึดื ึผึดื™ืŸ. ืคึผึฐืชึทื—ึฐื™ึธื”, ื–ึถื” ืžึธืจึฐื“ึผึฐื›ึธื™. ืœึธืžึผึธื” ื ึดืงึฐืจึธื ืฉืึฐืžื•ึน ืคึผึฐืชึทื—ึฐื™ึธื”. ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึธื” ืคึผื•ึนืชึตื—ึท ื‘ึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐื“ื•ึนืจึฐืฉืึธืŸ, ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนื“ึตืขึท ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึดื™ื ืœึธืฉืื•ึนืŸ. ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืึฒื—ึดื™ึผึธื” ืขึทืœ ื—ื•ึนืœึตื™ ืžึตืขึทื™ึดื, ื ึฐื—ื•ึผื ึฐื™ึธื ื—ื•ึนืคึตืจ ืฉืึดื™ื—ึดื™ืŸ, ื’ึผึฐื‘ึดื™ื ึตื™ ื›ึธืจื•ึนื–, ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื’ึผึถื‘ึถืจ ืขึทืœ ื ึฐืขึดื™ืœึทืช ืฉืึฐืขึธืจึดื™ื, ื‘ึผึถืŸ ื‘ึผึตื‘ึธื™ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืคึผึธืงึดื™ืขึท, ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืึทืจึฐื–ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฆึผึดืœึฐืฆึธืœ, ื”ึปื’ึฐืจึทืก ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืœึตื•ึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึดื™ืจ, ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื’ึผึทืจึฐืžื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืœึถื—ึถื ื”ึทืคึผึธื ึดื™ื, ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืึทื‘ึฐื˜ึดื™ื ึธืก ืขึทืœ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ื”ึทืงึผึฐื˜ึนืจึถืช, ืึถืœึฐืขึธื–ึธืจ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืคึผึธืจื•ึนื›ื•ึนืช, ื•ึผืคึดื ึฐื—ึธืก ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึผึทืœึฐื‘ึผื•ึผืฉื:
ืืณ
ื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื

ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื™ื โ€“ fifteen kinds of officers and appointment to authority that are considered in our Mishnah were the daily offering in the Temple. However, these men that are considered were not at the same time, but the pious and the worthy in each generation he would appoint. But my teachers explained on account that the first appointees were appointed for this โ€“ thus this was their names. Therefore, the ones who came after them were called by their name

ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืชืžื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืกืœืชื•ืช โ€“ it will be explained further in our Mishnah.

ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ื™ืกื•ืช โ€“ to teach the order of the lottery, who will merit with this service, and whom with that, as is explained in the Tractate Yoma (see Chapter 2, Mishnayot 1-4).

ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ื ื™ื โ€“ those lacking atonement such as the man and/or a woman with a flux and a woman who just gave birth bring obligatory bird-offerings which are doves and pigeons โ€“ they put their monies in the shofar-shaped [chests] that are in the Temple. But those who are appointed over the shofar-shaped [chests] take the money and bring through them the bird-offerings, and someone who was wise, great in knowledge and a specialist had to be appointed, as we state in Tractate Avot (Chapter 3, Mishnah 18).

ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคื•ืชื— ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื›ื•' โ€“ This is Mordecai Bilshan that came up [to the land of Israel] from the Diaspora, and he is called this because he mixed up many languages.

ืขืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ ืžืขื™ื โ€“ because the Kohanim walk barefoot on the floor and eat a lot of meat and drink water, their intestines were ruined and they always needed a doctor to tell them: this is the good medication for the intestines.

ื—ื•ืคืจ ืฉื™ื—ื™ืŸ โ€“ he was appointed to dig cisterns, pits and caves, in order that water would be found to drink for those who come up [to Jerusalem] on the Pilgrimage Festivals.

ื’ื‘ื™ื ื™ ื›ืจื•ื– โ€“ that was his name of the man who would announce each morning in the Temple: โ€œArise, O Priests, to your Divine Serviceโ€ and they would hear his voice from Jericho.

ืขืœ ื ืขื™ืœืช ืฉืขืจื™ื โ€“ to lock the gates in the evening and to open them in the morning.

ืขืœ ื”ืคืงื™ืข โ€“ to whip the Kohanim and Levites that were found to be sleeping during their watches when they would guard the Temple at night, as we say in Tractate [Middot] (see Chapter 1, Mishnah 2, where it states that would use a stick โ€“ and not necessarily a strip of leather/strap used as a whip), whomever they would find sleeping they would beat him and burn his clothing. But in the Jerusalem Talmud, they would explain that he stripped the wicks of the Menorah and of the House of Water Drawing as we state in [Tractate Sukkah], the chapter โ€œThe flute-playingโ€ (chapter 5) [Talmud Sukkah 51b -see Mishnah 3] โ€“ โ€œfrom the warn-out pants and girdles of the Kohanim, they made wicks [and would kindle them].

ืฆืœืฆืœ โ€“ a musical instrument that has a large sound, from the language ืชืฆื™ืœื ื” ืื–ื ื™ื•/it will be a loud shriek in his ears, โ€œcymbalโ€ in the foreign language.

ื‘ื™ืช ื’ืจืžื• โ€“ the name of a family.

ืขืœ ืœื—ื ื”ืคื ื™ื โ€“ that would be made something like a breached chest and they were artisans in his action and in his baking to detach it from the oven so that it would not break and to make it so that it would not grow moldy.

ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื˜ื™ื ืก โ€“ the name of a family that were experts in mixing the incense and they recognized a certain grass whose name was a smoke-raiser (name of a plant) and when they would mix it with the spices of the incense, the smoke of the incense would rise straight up like a stick.

ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื›ื•ืช โ€“ to make new hangings when they were needed.

ื”ืžืœื‘ื™ืฉ โ€“ he was appointed to dress the Kohanim at the time of the Divine Service and to undress them after their service, and to preserve the priestly garments in the compartments that were designed for this.

ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื™ื. ื—ืžืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืงื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉืจืจื” ื“ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืชื ื™ืชื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืžื™ื”ื• ื”ื ืš ื’ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื—ืฉื™ื‘, ืœื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื•, ืืœื ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืฉืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื ื”. ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ืคื™ืจืฉื•, ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื”ืžืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืชืžื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืงืจืื• ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืขืœ ืฉืžื:

ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืชืžื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืกืœืชื•ืช. ืžืคืจืฉ ืœืงืžืŸ ื‘ืžืชื ื™ืชื™ืŸ:

ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ื™ืกื•ืช. ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ืžื™ ื™ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื•ืžื™ ื‘ื–ื•, ื›ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื™ื•ืžื:

ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ื ื™ื. ืžื—ื•ืกืจื™ ื›ืคืจื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ื‘ ื•ื–ื‘ื” ื•ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืงื™ื ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืชื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ื ื”, ื ื•ืชื ื™ืŸ ืžืขื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืคืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื”ืžืžื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคืจื•ืช ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืงื™ื ื™ื. ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืชืžื ื” ืขืœ ื–ื” ื—ื›ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ืงื™, ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ืงื™ื ื™ื ื•ืคืชื—ื™ ื ื“ื” ื”ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช:

ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคื•ืชื— ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื•ืณ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื‘ืœืฉืŸ ืฉืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืœื”. ื•ื ืงืจื ื›ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•ืœืœ ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื”:

ืขืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ ืžืขื™ื. ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื™ื—ืคื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื” ื•ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ืฉื•ืชื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื™ื”ืŸ ืžืชืงืœืงืœื™ืŸ ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ืœืจื•ืคื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ื–ื” ื”ืกื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžืขื™ื:

ื—ื•ืคืจ ืฉื™ื—ื™ืŸ. ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื•ื ื” ืœื—ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืขืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื™ ืจื’ืœื™ื:

ื’ื‘ื™ื ื™ ื›ืจื•ื–. ื›ืš ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืžื›ืจื™ื– ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืขืžื“ื• ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื›ื. ื•ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืงื•ืœื• ืžื™ืจื™ื—ื•:

ืขืœ ื ืขื™ืœืช ืฉืขืจื™ื. ืœื ืขื•ืœ ื”ืฉืขืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื•ืœืคืชื—ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ:

ืขืœ ื”ืคืงื™ืข. ืœื”ืœืงื•ืช ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืœื•ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื›ื“ืืžืจืŸ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืžื“ื•ืช ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื•ืฉื•ืจืคื™ื ืืช ื›ืกื•ืชื•. ื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžืคืจืฉ, ื”ืคืงื™ืข, ื”ืคืชื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื•ืจื” ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื”, ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื—ืœื™ืœ (ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื) ืžื‘ืœืื™ ืžื›ื ืกื™ ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ืžื”ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืคืงื™ืขื™ื ืคืชื™ืœื•ืช:

ืฆืœืฆืœ. ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฆื™ืœื ื” ืื–ื ื™ื•, ืฆื™ืžื‘ืœืดื• ื‘ืœืขืดื–. ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ืŸ ืงื•ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื”ืœื•ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืจ:

ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจ. ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืกื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ืŸ:

ื‘ื™ืช ื’ืจืžื•. ืฉื ืžืฉืคื—ื”:

ืขืœ ืœื—ื ื”ืคื ื™ื. ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ื›ืžื™ืŸ ืชื™ื‘ื” ืคืจื•ืฆื” ื•ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืชื• ื•ื‘ืืคื™ื™ืชื• ืœืจื“ื•ืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ืฉื‘ืจ ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœื ื™ืชืขืคืฉ:

ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื˜ื™ื ืก. ืฉื ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืงื™ืื™ื ืœืคื˜ื ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื•ืžื›ื™ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉื‘ ืฉืฉืžื• ืžืขืœื” ืขืฉืŸ ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืขื ืกืžืžื ื™ ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉืŸ ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ืžืชืžืจ ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื›ืžื™ืŸ ืžืงืœ:

ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื›ื•ืช. ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืคืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื:

ื”ืžืœื‘ื™ืฉ. ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื•ื ื” ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื”ืคืฉื™ื˜ื ืื—ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืš: