טבול יום א׳:ה׳ - ב׳:א׳

השעורה והכוסמת – at the time that they are not peeled/husked are not considered human food, for human beings do not eat them with their husks, and something that is not human food is not susceptible to receive ritual defilement.

התיאה (root of crowfoot) – the root of assa foetida, an umbelliferous plant used, as a resin or in leaves for a spine and for medicinal purposes.

והחלתית – in Arabic, such is its name חלתית/assa foetida. And we call it SEFIDITA in the foreign language.

והאלום (Silphium, a kind of assa foetida or Laserpitium) – they said about it that it is a root, a species from the kinds of assa foetida. And all of these are not considered human food, but sometimes, they mix a little from them with the food.

אף אפונים שחורים (even black chickpeas) – that are not other than for healing (i.e., medicinal purposes) and are not made for human food.

טהורים בטבול יום - since he is pure from his defilement and is not wanting/requiring anything other than sunset, he does not invalidate with all of these if they are of priest’s due/heave-offering, but with other defilements they are considered food and receive defilement like the rest of foods. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.

הקצח (black cumin) – a kind of black seed, and in the foreign language, NILO. And it is customary to place from it in bread.

והשמשום – this is its name in Arabic. And there is a lot of it in the Land of Israel, and they make sesame oil from it.

משקה טבול יום – the liquids which exude from the person who immersed himself that day) – as for example, his spittle, his urine, the tears of his eyes and the blood from his wounds, and the milk of a woman.

כמשקים שהוא נוגע בהן – like liquids of priest’s due/heave-offering that he touches/comes in contact with, for a person who has immersed himself that day/Tevul Yom invalidates heave-offering/priest’s due.

אלו ואלו – liquids which exude from his body and liquid heave-offering do not defile the Holy Things/make the susceptible to uncleanness , but they invalidate it (see Tractate Parah, Chapter 8, MIshnah 7).

בין קלין בין חמורין (whether minor or major) – minor are unclean reptiles; major are people with gonorrhea/flux (see also Tractate Hullin, folio 88a).

תחילה – first remove/degree of uncleanness and it makes [other things] second [degree of ritual uncleanness] and the second [degree of ritual uncleanness] makes [other things] third [degree of ritual uncleanness.

חוץ מן המשקה שהוא אב הטומאה – as for example the flux of a person with gonorrhea and his digestive organs/bowels.