טהרות י׳:ה׳ - י׳:ו׳

האוכל – [he, (who is ritually unclean) eats] grapes.

מן הסלים ומן המשטיח של אדמה – for they were cut, undefined, for consumption. Even though his hands were ritually impure and the grapes were dripping wine into the vat.

הרי הגת טהורה – for those drops do not have the status of liquid, since they were cut for consumption, and it was not satisfactory to him with what it drips. But a person who eats from the large basket, strapped on the carrier’s back, in which grapes are carried during the vintage or from the gapes spread on leaves, even though the grapes are not split and they are not flowing in drops, if there fell from him a single berry and there isn’t the oblate side of a berry to which the stalk is attached for that berry, that is, in the place where the peduncle/stalk is on the mouth of the berry there is a kind of oblate side of a berry to which the stalk is attached and that oblate side of the berry to which the stalk is attached closes/conceals the mouth of berry so that liquid does not exude, and when the peduncle/stalk is uprooted with the oblate side of a berry to which the stalk is attached, liquid exudes and even though he took them to consume them, they have the status of liquid, since from the outset, he cut them for the vat and that liquid was defiled with his ritually unclean hands, and when it fell to the vat, it became defiled. And these words apply when he touched it with his hands in the place of the oblate side of the berry to which the stalk is attached, but if he didn’t touch in the place of the oblate side of the berry to which the stalk is attached, the vat was not defiled, for his hands didn’t touch the liquids in order that the liquid would return and defile the vat.

נפלו ממנו ענבים – meaning to say a cluster of grapes, that the berries are attached to the cluster and the liquid does not exude, and they were defiled by his ritually impure hands, and they were made fit for Levitical uncleanness because it was cut for the vat.

ודרכן במקום המפונה (and one trampled them in an empty part) – an empty/vacant place in the vat where there is nothing – not wine nor grapes and he trampled them ritual purity.

כביצה מכוון טהור (if there was exactly an egg’s bulk there – it is pure) – the vat, for a food does not defile a vessel and when it exuded the first drop, it was missing from an egg’s bulk and food does not defile other food with less than an egg’s bulk. It is found that there is no defilement for this drop other than on account of the defilement that it received when it was food, therefore now also that it became a liquid, it lacks the strength other than as a food. But more than an egg’s bulk, it is ritually impure, for the egg’s bulk defiles the first drop according to the law of liquids, and the drop returned and defiled the vat, for the liquid defiles a vessel.

וניתזה צנורא (and spittle splashed forth) – spittle splashed forth from the mouth of a commoner who is speaking, and the spittle that exits from the mouth of a commoner defiles people and vessels according to the Rabbis, and all the more so food and liquids.

פסיקו טהור – for we said that the edge of a cistern collected the ejection of spittle and prevents it from descending into the wine. And our Mishnah is speaking about a plastered cistern that does not receive ritual defilement. But in the Tosefta [Tractate Taharot, Chapter 11, Halakha 12] they stated that the cistern of [olive] oil is ritually impure, because the oil smoothens the edge of the cistern and [the ejection of spittle] smoothens and descends below to the oil that is in the cistern.