טהרות ה׳:א׳ - ה׳:ב׳

השרץ (creeping thing) – the creeping animal defiles through contact but not by lifting (see Tractate Kelim, Chapter 1, Mishnah 1 as well as Leviticus 11:29-30).

צפרדע – a ritually pure [frog], but since it is similar to a species of lizard and they (i.e., the Rabbis) erred concerning it, because of this, it (i.e., the Mishnah) took [the word] צפרדע/frog.

כזית מן המת -defiles in a tent. But a carrion does not defile in a tent.

עצם מן המת – [a bone from a corpse] defiles through movement, but the bone of a carrion is ritually pure.

גוש מבית הפרס וגוש מארץ העמים – they defile through contact and by lifting/carrying but do not defile in a tent.

שני שבילין אחד טמא – that one of them is a grave lying width-wise and fills all of it, and he doesn’t pass through it so that he will not be overshadowed.

האהיל על אחד מהן – we are referring to on an olive’s bulk of a corpse or on an olive’s bulk of a carrion.

הסיט אחד מהם – [on a bone from the corpse or a bone from the carrion, and similarly] a clod of earth from a ritually pure land and a clod of earth from an area in which uncertainty exists concerning the location of a grave or a corpse/בית הפרס and a clod of earth from the land of the nations (i.e., outside the Land of Israel), that defile through movement.

ר' עקיבא מטמא – for Rabbi Akiba holds that defilement in the public domain – its manner of doubt is pure – these words apply when he made/prepared pure things, since they lack any remedy when they are defiled. But concerning a person who is caused to need ritual immersion [in a Mikveh] and sprinkling [of ashes], he holds that he requires ritual immersion and sprinkling, lest today or tomorrow the matter becomes verified that he was defiled.

וחכמים מטהרים – for even a person who has a remedy, we don’t we require him to undergo ritual immersion and sprinkling. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.

אחד שאמר נגעתי בזה – it refers to the frog and the creeping animal of the first clause [found in Mishnah 1 of this chapter], for the frog is similar to a species of lizard and they (i.e., the Rabbis) erred concerning it.

שדרך בני אדם להלוך – that it is impossible for a person to prevent himself that he should not walk in the public domain, therefore a manner of doubt regarding pathways is ritually pure. But [regarding] touching/contact it is possible for a person not to touch it, therefore, if he has doubt whether he touched it or not, his manner of doubt is ritual impurity. But the Halakha is neither according to Rabbi Akiba or Rabbi Yossi.