מנחות י׳:ו׳ - י׳:ז׳

העומר היה מתיר במדינה – to eat the new crop in all places.

ושתי הלחם במקדש – that prior to [bringing of] the two loaves, they don’t bring a meal-offering from the new grain, as it is written in regard to the two loaves (Numbers 28:26): “[On the day of first fruits, your Feast of Weeks,] when you bring an offering of new grain [to the LORD,” that it will be new for all of he meal-offerings.

ומנחת בהמה – the meal-offering of libations of the cattle.

ואם הביא – prior to the [offering of the] Omer sacrifice.

פסול – for the new crop was not permitted by implication even with regard to the lay person/commoner. But prior to the [sacrifice of] the two loaves, he should not bring.

ואם ההביא כשר – for it was already permitted by implication with regard to the lay person/commoner.

ומצטרפין זה עם זה – to complete the measure of the started dough that is liable for [separating out] Hallah [for the Kohen] (see Tractate Hallah, Chapter 1, Mishnah 1 and Chapter 2, Mishnah 6). But they don’t require all of them together for one type mixed with another do not combine, but rather the wheat combines with he spelt alone because they are a species of wheat (see Tractate Pesahim 35a), but the barley combines with all except for the wheat. And even though that spelt is a kind of wheat, it is not exactly the special of wheat, but rather a type of barley and even a type of wheat, and they combine with the wheat and the barley. But however, in the Jerusalem Talmud it implies that if they were kneaded together, they combine, even one type mixed with another type. But if they were not kneaded together, but rather afterwards the started dough would become affixed to each other, one type with a similar type combine, but [one type] mixed with another type do not combine.

ואסורים בחדש – as it is written (Leviticus 23:14): “Until that very day, until you have brought the offering of your God, you shall eat no bread or parched grain or fresh ears,” and we learn/derive [through an analogy of] "לחם""לחם" – from Passover. Just as there, from the five species, also here from the five species.

ומלקצור מלפני הפסח – that it is forbidden to harvest from the five species prior to the harvesting of the Omer. It is written with regard to the Omer (Leviticus 23:10): “[you shall bring] the first sheaf of your harvest to the priest,” that the beginning of all that is harvest, it comes (i.e., it is derived) [as an a fortiori/Kal VaHomer] "ראשית""ראשית" from Hallah, it is written there (Numbers 15:20): “as the first yield of our baking,” and it is written here (Leviticus 23:10): “[you shall bring] the first sheaf of your harvest to the priest,” just as there it is from the five species, so here too it is from the five species.

ואם השרישו – one of these five species prior to the reaping of the Omer.

העומר מתירן – and it is permitted to harvest them after the harvesting of the Omer. As it is written (Exodus 23:16): “[and the Feast of the Harvest, of the first fruits of your work,] of what you sow in the field,” from the time that it is sown and takes root in the field.

ואם לאו – they did not take root other than after the reaping of the Omer.

אסורים שיבוא העומר הבא – of the coming year.