Mishnah.org Logo

המשנה היומית של היום

מנחות ט׳:ז׳ - ט׳:ח׳

The Mishnah Yomi for Monday, June 30, 2031 is מנחות ט׳:ז׳ - ט׳:ח׳

＜ היום הקודםהיוםלמחרת ＞

משנה א

Mishnayos Menachos Perek 9 Mishnah 7

מנחות פרק ט׳ משנה ז׳

7
For all communal offerings there is no mitzva of placing hands on the head of the offering, except for the bull that comes to atone for a community-wide violation of any one of the mitzvot that was perpetrated due to an erroneous ruling of the Sanhedrin, where the judges of the Sanhedrin are required to place their hands upon its head (see Leviticus 4:13–21); and the scapegoat brought on Yom Kippur, upon which the High Priest places his hands (see Leviticus, chapter 16). Rabbi Shimon says: Also in the case of the goat that comes to atone for a community-wide perpetration of idol worship that occurred due to an erroneous ruling of the Sanhedrin, the judges of the Sanhedrin are required to place their hands upon its head (see Numbers 15:22–26). All offerings of an individual require placing hands, except for the firstborn offering, the animal tithe offering, and the Paschal offering. The mitzva of placing hands is performed by the owner of the offering. The mishna adds: And if the owner died, then the heir is regarded as the offering’s owner and so he places his hands on the offering and brings the accompanying libations. And furthermore, he can substitute a non-sacred animal for it. Although it is prohibited to perform an act of substitution, if the owner of an offering does this, his attempt is successful to the extent that the non-sacred animal is thereby consecrated, even though the original offering also remains sacred.
כָּל קָרְבְּנוֹת הַצִּבּוּר אֵין בָּהֶם סְמִיכָה, חוּץ מִן הַפַּר הַבָּא עַל כָּל הַמִּצְוֹת, וְשָׂעִיר הַמִּשְׁתַּלֵּחַ. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַף שְׂעִירֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. כָּל קָרְבְּנוֹת הַיָּחִיד טְעוּנִים סְמִיכָה, חוּץ מִן הַבְּכוֹר וְהַמַּעֲשֵׂר וְהַפָּסַח. וְהַיּוֹרֵשׁ סוֹמֵךְ וּמֵבִיא נְסָכִים וּמֵמִיר:
ז׳
ברטנורא

פר הבא על כל המצות – on one of all of the commandments, as for example, the Jewish court/Bet Din errantly ruled that forbidden fat is permitted, and this is bull brought for an unwitting communal sin [because of an active unwitting transgression committed by the Jewish people, as a result of an erroneous halakhic decision handed down by the Great Sanhedrin], that is in Scripture, and placing of the hands [on the head of the animal] is written concerning it (Leviticus 4:15): “The elders of the community shall lay their hands upon the head of the bull” and three from the elders of the Jewish court would lay their hands [upon the head of the bull].

ושעיר המשתלח – to Azazel, as it is written concerning it (Leviticus 16:21): “Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat [and confess over it all the iniquities and transgressions of the Israelites].”

שעירי עבודה זרה – as it is written in the [Torah] portion of Shelah Lekha (Numbers 15:22): “If you unwittingly fail [to observe any one of the commandments that the LORD has declared to Moses.” But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon.

כל קרבנות היחיד טעונים סמיכה – for the essence of the laying of the hands [on the head] of an individual sacrifice is written (Leviticus 3:2): “He shall lay his hand upon the head of his offering [and slaughter it at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting].”

היורש סומך – if his father had offered a freewill offering with a sacrifice of a burnt offering or a peace-offering and died, his son places his hands upon it.

ומביא נסכים – of he sacrifice.

וממיר – if he made a substitution of another animal, his exchange takes effect upon it and both of them are holy, it is as if his father substituted it.

פר הבא על כל המצות. על אחת מכל המצות. כגון הורו ב״ד שחלב מותר. וזהו פר העלם דבר של צבור שבמקרא, וסמיכה כתיבא ביה (ויקרא ד׳:ט״ו) וסמכו זקני העדה את ידיהם על ראש הפר, ושלשה מזקני ב״ד היו סומכין עליו:

ושעיר המשתלח. לעזאזל, כתיב ביה (שם ט״ז) וסמך אהרן את שתי ידיו על ראש השעיר החי:

שעירי עבודה זרה. דכתיב בפרשת שלח לך וכי תשגו כו׳. ואין הלכה כר׳ שמעון:

כל קרבנות היחיד טעונים סמיכה. דעיקר סמיכה בקרבן יחיד הוא דכתיבא (שם ג׳) וסמך ידו על ראש קרבנו:

היורש סומך. אם התנדב אביו בקרבן עולה ושלמים ומת, בנו סומך עליו:

ומביא נסכים. של קרבן:

וממיר. אם המירה בבהמה אחרת, תמורתו חלה עליה ושתיהן קדושות כאילו המירה אביו:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Menachos Perek 9 Mishnah 8

מנחות פרק ט׳ משנה ח׳

8
Everyone who brings an animal offering places hands upon its head, except for a deaf-mute, an imbecile, a minor, a blind person, a gentile, a Canaanite slave, the agent of the owner of the offering who brings the offering on the owner’s behalf, and a woman. And the requirement of placing hands is a non-essential mitzva; therefore, failure to place hands does not prevent the owner from achieving atonement. The rite of placing hands is performed by leaning on the head of the offering with two hands. And in the same location in the Temple that one places hands, one slaughters the animal. And immediately following the rite of placing hands, the slaughter is performed.
הַכֹּל סוֹמְכִין, חוּץ מֵחֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה, וְקָטָן, סוּמָא, וְנָכְרִי, וְהָעֶבֶד, וְהַשָּׁלִיחַ, וְהָאִשָּׁה. וּסְמִיכָה, שְׁיָרֵי מִצְוָה, עַל הָרֹאשׁ, בִּשְׁתֵּי יָדָיִם. וּבִמְקוֹם שֶׁסּוֹמְכִין שׁוֹחֲטִין, וְתֵכֶף לַסְּמִיכָה שְׁחִיטָה:
ח׳
ברטנורא

חוץ מחרש שוטה וקטן – because they lack knowledge.

סומא – as it is written regarding the bull for an unwitting communal sin (Leviticus 4:15): “The elders of the community shall lay their hands [upon the head of the bull],” and they are the Great Sanhedrin, but in the Sanhedrin there was not among them anyone who was blind, as it is proved in Tractate Sanhedrin [36b], and the same law applies for the rest of the laying of the hands that a blind person is not able is not able to lay his hands [upon the head of the bull].

ונכרי – as it is written (Leviticus 1:2): “Speak to the Israelite people,” the Israelite people lay their hands, but the heathens do not lay their hands [upon the head of a sacrifice].

והעבד והשליח – as it is written (Leviticus 1:4): “He shall lay his hand [upon the head of the burnt offering, that it may be acceptable in his behalf], but not the hand of his servant and not the hand of his agent.

והאשה – the children (i.e., male) of Israel lay their hands [upon the head of the sacrifice], but the daughters of Israel do not lay their hands [upon the head of the sacrifice].

וסמיכה שיירי מצוה – that it is not indispensable for atonement, but however, Scripture considers it for him as if he did not attain expiation.

בשתי ידים – as it is written concerning the scapegoat (Leviticus 16:21): “Aaron shall lay both his hands [upon the head of the live goat],” and this is an analogy for all the laying of the hands that it shall be with both (i.e., the two) hands.

ובמקום שסומכים שוחטים – that if he lay his hands [upon the head of the sacrifice] outside of the Temple courtyard and he returns and lays his hands in the Temple courtyard in the place of the ritual slaughter.

ותיכף לסמיכה שחיטה – as it is written (Leviticus 1:4-5): “He shall lay his hand upon the head of the burnt offering….the bull shall be slaughtered before the LORD.”

חוץ מחרש שוטה וקטן. לפי שאין להם דעת:

סומא. דכתיב בפר העלם דבר של צבור וסמכו זקני העדה, והם סנהדרי גדולה, ובסנהדרין לא היה בהן סומא, כדמוכח במסכת סנהדרין, והוא הדין לכל שאר סמיכות שאין סומא יכול לסמוך:

ונכרי. דכתיב דבר אל בני ישראל וגו׳, בני ישראל סומכין ואין הנכרים סומכין:

והעבד והשליח. דכתיב (ויקרא א׳:ד׳) וסמך ידו, ולא יד עבדו ולא יד שלוחו:

והאשה. בני ישראל סומכין ; ולא בנות ישראל סומכות:

וסמיכה שיירי מצוה. דאינה מעכבת כפרה. ומיהו מעלה עליו הכתוב כאילו לא כיפר:

בשתי ידים. דכתיב בשעיר המשתלח (שם ט״ז) וסמך אהרן את שתי ידיו, זה בנה אב לכל הסמיכות שיהיו בשתי ידים:

ובמקום שסומכים שוחטים. שאם סמך חוץ לעזרה חוזר וסומך בעזרה במקום שחיטה:

ותיכף לסמיכה שחיטה. דכתיב וסמך ושחט:

שאלות נפוצות על משנה יומית

עדיין יש לכם שאלה? צרו קשר