מנחות ט׳:א׳ - ט׳:ב׳

שתי מידות. עשרון עשרון וחצי עשרון (see Tractate Menahot, Chapter 9, Mishnah 5) – there were two measures of an Issaron/Omer (1/10th of an Ephah), one we measure it heaped/overflowing, that it was small and would not support anything other than an Issaron when it was heaped/overflowing, like the size/limit of its neighbor when it smooth/level. For Rabbi Meir learned it from Scripture as it is written (Numbers 28:29): “and one-tenth for each [of the seven lambs]/עשרון עשרון לכבש האחד [לשבעת הכבשים],” for there were two Issarons there, and if both of them were equivalent, it would be for them one measure. But one is smooth/level and the other is heaped/overflowing. That which is heaped/overflowing in it, he would measure for all of the meal-offerings, that which is smoothed/leveled in it, he would measure for the cakes of the High Priest, but the Sages state that there wasn’t there other than one Issaron, as it is written (Numbers 29:4): “and one-tenth for each of the seven lambsועשרון אחד לכבש האחד [לשבעת הכבשים] ,” and that this particular Issaron was smooth/level, and through it they would measure all of the meal-offerings. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.

לא בשל שלשה לפר – for the meal-offerings of libations of the bull as it is written concerning it (Numbers 28:12): “[As grain offering] for each bull: three-tenths of a measure [of choice flour with oil mixed in],” (and also Numbers 28:28 – though the text does not have ושלשה עשרנים but rather (שלשה עשרנים, they would not measure them with one measure for it holds three Esronim, for there was not a measure there that was larger than an Issaron.

אלא מודדן עשרונות each and every Issaron on its own.

הכי גרסינן, חצי עשרון מה היה משמש, שבו היה מודד לחביתי כהן גדול – and this is the explanation, for the baked cakes of the High Priest, he brings from his home a complete Issaron and they split it with half on half of an Issaron that is in the Temple, and he kneads each half-Issaron on its own, and makes from each half-Issaron six Hallot/loaves, which are for the two halves of the Issaron, twelve Hallot/loaves, and he bakes all of them together and afterwards he divides each Hallah/loaf in half and sacrifices twelve halves in the morning and twelve halves in the evening, but prior to his offering them, he crumbles them to olive-size piece, and doubles each crumble to two, and doesn’t separate them. But the opening of all of the rest of the meal-offerings even though their small pieces are like an olive, he doubles them into two and two into four and separates them as it is taught in the Mishnah (Tractate Menahot) chapter Six (Mishnah 4 – see also Chapter 4, Mishnah 5).

שנתות היו בהין (notches/teeth-like marks – the Hin (12 logs or 72 egg-bulks) measure in the Temple had marks – see Tractate Menahot 87b) – there wasn’t there anything but a Hin, and in it there were signs of nails or notches.

עד כאן לפר – one-half of a Hin.

עד כאן לאיל – one-third of a Hin.

ועד כאן לכבש – one-quarter of a Hin. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer.

וכי מה היה ההין משמש – that there wasn’t in the Temple a thing that required a complete Hin, for after all, they had no need for the Hin other than for the anointing oil (see Exodus 30:24) in the days of Moses and that kind of oil still exists, and if so, they had no need for a Hin [measurement].

אלא מדה יתירה (but there was a further measure) – it was there to complete the seven measurements.

למנחת כהן גדול – there were for it three LOG of oil, a LOG and a half in the morning and a LOG and a half in the evening.