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מנחות ה׳:ו׳ - ה׳:ז׳

The Mishnah Yomi for Sunday, June 15, 2031 is מנחות ה׳:ו׳ - ה׳:ז׳

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משנה א

Mishnayos Menachos Perek 5 Mishnah 6

מנחות פרק ה׳ משנה ו׳

6
These are the items that require waving and do not require bringing near to the altar: The log of oil that accompanies the guilt offering of a recovered leper and his guilt offering itself, as it is written: “And the priest shall take one of the lambs and sacrifice it for a guilt offering, and the log of oil, and wave them for a wave offering before the Lord” (Leviticus 14:12); and the first fruits, in accordance with the statement of Rabbi Eliezer ben Ya’akov; and the sacrificial portions of the peace offerings of an individual and their breast and thigh, as it is written: “The thigh of heaving and the breast of waving shall they bring with the offerings of the portions consumed by fire, to wave it for a wave offering before the Lord” (Leviticus 10:15). This requirement applies to peace offerings belonging both to men and to women, by male Jews and not by others. The Gemara will explain this seemingly contradictory statement on 61b. In addition, the two loaves and the accompanying peace offering of two lambs brought on Shavuot also do not require bringing near but do require waving, as it is written: “And the priest shall wave them with the bread of the first fruits for a wave offering before the Lord, with the two lambs” (Leviticus 23:20). How does one perform this waving? He places the two loaves on top of the two lambs and places his two hands below the loaves and the lambs, extends the offerings to each of the four directions and brings them back, then raises and lowers them, as it is stated with regard to the waving of the ram of the inauguration of the priests: “Which is waved, and which is heaved up” (Exodus 29:27); i.e., waved back and forth, and heaved up and down. Waving was able to be performed to the east of the altar, but the bringing near of meal offerings had to be done to the west, i.e., the southwest corner of the altar. Also, with regard to all meal offerings, the wavings precede the actions of bringing near. The omer meal offering and the meal offering of jealousy brought by a sota require both bringing near and waving. The meal offering of the omer requires waving, as it is written: “And he shall wave the omer before the Lord” (Leviticus 23:11), and likewise with regard to the meal offering brought by a sota it is written: “And the priest shall take the meal offering of jealousy out of the woman’s hand and shall wave the meal offering before the Lord” (Numbers 5:25). The requirement of bringing near is derived as explained earlier. The shewbread and the meal offering brought with libations require neither bringing near nor waving.
אֵלּוּ טְעוּנִין תְּנוּפָה וְאֵין טְעוּנִין הַגָּשָׁה, לֹג שֶׁמֶן שֶׁל מְצֹרָע וַאֲשָׁמוֹ, וְהַבִּכּוּרִים כְּדִבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב, וְאֵמוּרֵי שַׁלְמֵי יָחִיד וְחָזֶה וָשׁוֹק שֶׁלָּהֶן, אֶחָד אֲנָשִׁים, וְאֶחָד נָשִׁים, בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל אֲבָל לֹא בַאֲחֵרִים, וּשְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם, וּשְׁנֵי כִבְשֵׂי עֲצָרֶת. כֵּיצַד הוּא עוֹשֶׂה, נוֹתֵן שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם עַל גַּבֵּי שְׁנֵי כְבָשִׂים, וּמַנִּיחַ שְׁתֵּי יָדָיו מִלְּמַטָּן, מוֹלִיךְ וּמֵבִיא, מַעֲלֶה וּמוֹרִיד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות כט), אֲשֶׁר הוּנַף וַאֲשֶׁר הוּרָם. תְּנוּפָה הָיְתָה בַמִּזְרָח, וְהַגָּשָׁה בַּמַּעֲרָב. וּתְנוּפוֹת קוֹדְמוֹת לְהַגָּשׁוֹת. מִנְחַת הָעֹמֶר וּמִנְחַת קְנָאוֹת, טְעוּנוֹת תְּנוּפָה וְהַגָּשָׁה. לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים וּמִנְחַת נְסָכִים, לֹא תְנוּפָה וְלֹא הַגָּשָׁה:
ו׳
ברטנורא

לוג ואשם מצורע – it is written with regard to them (Leviticus 14:12): “and he shall elevate [them as an elevation offering before the LORD].”

והבכורים כדברי ר' אליעזר בן יעקב – we have the reading, meaning to saying, that we prove from him who said plainly first-fruits require waving, and the Halakha is according to him.

ואימורי שלמי יחיד וחזה ושוק שלהם – it is explicitly written (Leviticus 10:15): “Together with the fat of fire offering, they must present the thigh of gift offering and the breast of elevation offering, which are to be elevated [as an elevation offering before the LORD].”

אחד שלמי אנשים ואחד שלמי נשים – that require elevation/waving.

בישראל אבל לא באחרים – it explains in the Gemara (Tractate Menahot 61b) that this is what he said: both those of Israelite men and women, their sacrifices require waving, and the waving itself is by an Israelite [male], but not by women, for it is stated in a Baraitha, that male Israelites wave, but the heathens do not wave; male Israelites wave but the daughters of Israel do not wave.

שתי הלחם וכבשי שלמים של עצרת – that come on account of the bread. It is written concerning them (Leviticus 23:20): “The priest shall elevate these – the two lambs- together with the bread of the first fruits as an elevation offering before the LORD,” not on them specifically, but rather near them, the lambs at the side of the bread, according to the words of Rabbi [Judah the Prince] in the Baraitha. And such is the Halakha.

שנאמר – [concerning the ordination of Aaron] (Exodus 29:27): “the breast that was offered as an elevation offering (i.e., waived) and the thigh that was offered as a gift offering (i.e., raised) [from the ram of ordination – from that which was Aaron’s and from that which was his sons’],” and from that which was offered as an elevation offering and that which was elevated as a gift offering, we derive the rest of the waiving done: the waiving - bringing them forward and backward; and the raising of them – upward and downward.

תנופה היתה במזרח – meaning to say, even in the east of he altar one is able to wave, and all the more so, on the west side which is closer to the Sanctuary.

ותנופות קודמות להגשות – first he waves/elevates and afterwards brings it near. But in the meal-offering of the Omer and the meal-offering of jealousy we are speaking s that they require elevation and bringing near, as it is written with regard to the meal-offering of jealousy (Numbers 5:25): “elevate the grain offering [of jealousy] before the LORD” and afterwards (ibid.,): “and present it on the altar.”

לוג ואשם מצורע. כתיב בהו והניף:

והבכורים כדברי ר׳ אליעזר בן יעקב. גרסינן. כלומר, דשמעינן ליה בעלמא דאמר ביכורים טעונים תנופה והלכה כמותו:

ואימורי שלמי יחיד וחזה ושוק שלהן. בהדיא כתיב בהו (ויקרא י, טו) שוק התרומה וחזה התנופה על אשי החלבים יביאו להניף:

אחד שלמי אנשים ואחד שלמי נשים. טעונים תנופה:

בישראל אבל לא באחרים. מפרש בגמרא דהכי קאמר, אחד אנשים ואחד נשים קרבנן טעון תנופה, ותנופה עצמה בישראל, אבל לא בידי נשים, דהכי תניא, בני ישראל מניפין ואין הגוים מניפין, בני ישראל מניפין ולא בנות ישראל מניפות:

שתי הלחם וכבשי שלמים של עצרת. הבאים בגלל הלחם. כתיב בהו (שם כ״ג) והניף הכהן אותם על לחם הבכורים, ולא על ממש, אלא סמוך להם, כבשים בצד הלחם, כדברי רבי בברייתא. וכן הלכה:

שנאמר. [במילואים] אשר הונף ואשר הורם (שמות כ״ט כ״ז), ומהונף והורם דמילואים ילפינן שאר תנופות. תנופה, מוליך ומביא. תרומה, מעלה ומוריד:

תנופה היתה במזרח. כלומר, אף במזרח של מזבח יכול להניף, וכל שכן במערבו דקרוב יותר להיכל:

ותנופות קודמות להגשות. בתחלה מניף ואחר כך מגיש. ובמנחת העומר ובמנחת קנאות איירי דטעונות תנופה והגשה, וכתיב במנחת קנאות (במדבר ה׳:כ״ה) והניף את המנחה לפני ה׳, והדר והקריב אותה אל המזבח:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Menachos Perek 5 Mishnah 7

מנחות פרק ה׳ משנה ז׳

7
Rabbi Shimon says: There are three types of offerings that require performance of three mitzvot. Two mitzvot are performed on each and every one of them, but the third mitzva is not performed in their sacrifice, meaning that each of these offerings requires two out of the same three mitzvot, but not necessarily the same two as the others. And these are the three offerings: Peace offerings brought as gift offerings by an individual, communal peace offerings, i.e., the two lambs brought with the two loaves on Shavuot, and the guilt offering of a leper (see Leviticus 14:12–14). Peace offerings brought by individuals require placing hands on the head of the animals while the animals are still alive, and waving when they are slaughtered, but there is no obligation of waving them while they are alive. Communal peace offerings require waving both while the animals are still alive and after they are slaughtered, but there is no obligation of placing hands on them. And the guilt offering of a leper requires placing hands and waving while the animal is still alive, but there is no obligation of waving it after it is slaughtered.
רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, שְׁלשָׁה מִינִים טְעוּנִים שָׁלשׁ מִצְוֹת, שְׁתַּיִם בְּכָל אַחַת וְאַחַת, וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁית אֵין בָּהֶן. וְאֵלּוּ הֵן, זִבְחֵי שַׁלְמֵי יָחִיד, וְזִבְחֵי שַׁלְמֵי צִבּוּר, וַאֲשַׁם מְצֹרָע. זִבְחֵי שַׁלְמֵי יָחִיד, טְעוּנִים סְמִיכָה חַיִּים, וּתְנוּפָה שְׁחוּטִים, וְאֵין בָּהֶם תְּנוּפָה חַיִּים. זִבְחֵי שַׁלְמֵי צִבּוּר, טְעוּנִים תְּנוּפָה חַיִּים וּשְׁחוּטִים, וְאֵין בָּהֶן סְמִיכָה. וַאֲשַׁם מְצֹרָע, טָעוּן סְמִיכָה וּתְנוּפָה חַי, וְאֵין בּוֹ תְנוּפָה שָׁחוּט:
ז׳
ברטנורא

שלשה מינין – the individual peace-offering, and the communal peace offering which are the lambs of Atzeret/Shavuot, and the guilt offering of the leper. These three kinds [of offerings] require between the three of them three rituals: laying of the hands [while the animal is yet alive, waving of the animal while alive and the waving of slaughtered animals.

שתים – rituals from these three are done with each kind, but the third is not done with them, because there are only two for each kind.

שלמי יחיד – it is written with them laying of the hands in [the Torah portion of] Vayikra (i.e., Leviticus 3:2: “He shall lay his hand upon the head of his offering and slaughter it at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting.”).

ותנופה שחוטים – regarding their breast and thigh, in [the Torah portion of] Tzav (i.e., “Command Aaron” – see Leviticus 7:31-32).

שלמי צבור – it is written with them waving while alive (Leviticus 23:20): “The priest shall elevate these – [the two lambs – together with the bread of the first fruits as an elevation offering before the LORD],” that is while they are alive, and the waving of those that are slaughtered, that the breast and thighs are theirs, as we derive from the individual’s peace offerings. But placing of the hands [on the head] is not required, for the Halakha was decided for it that there aren’t in all of the communal sacrifices other than two laying of the hands alone, the lay of the hands on the scapegoat [of Yom Kippur] (Leviticus 16:21) and [the laying of hands] on the bull for an unwitting communal sin (Leviticus 4:15).

אשם מצורע – it is written concerning it, a living waving (Leviticus 14:12): “And he shall elevate them [as an elevation offering before the LORD],” in [the Torah portion of]: “This shall be the ritual of the leper.” But laying of the hands, that it is impossible for an individual sacrifice that he should not lay his hands upon the head of his sacrifice.

אבל לא תנופה שחוט – that the All-Merciful excluded concerning the individual peace-offering, (Leviticus 7:30): “the breast to be elevated as an elevation offering before the LORD,” אותו/it – to exclude the guilt offering of the leper which does not require the elevation of something already slaughtered.

שלשה מינין. שלמי יחיד, ושלמי צבור שהם כבשי עצרת, ואשם מצורע. שלשה מינים הללו טעונים בין שלשתן שלש מצות, סמיכה, תנופה חיים, תנופה שחוטים:

שתים. מצות מן השלש יש בכל מין ומין, והשלישית אין בהם. דאין בכל מין אלא שתים:

שלמי יחיד. כתיב בהו סמיכה בויקרא:

ותנופה שחוטים. בחזה ושוק שלהן, בצו את אהרן:

שלמי צבור. כתיב בהו תנופה חיים, והניף הכהן אותם דהיינו חיים, ותנופה שחוטים, בחזה ושוק שלהן, דילפינן (מקדשי) [צ״ל משלמי] יחיד. אבל סמיכה לא בעו, דהלכתא גמירי לה דאין בכל קרבנות צבור אלא שתי סמיכות בלבד, סמיכה של שעיר המשתלח ושל פר העלם דבר של צבור:

אשם מצורע. כתיב ביה תנופה חי, כדכתיב והניף הכהן אותם, בפרשת זאת תהיה. וסמיכה, דאי אפשר לקרבן יחיד שלא יסמוך ידו על ראש קרבנו:

אבל לא תנופה שחוט. דמיעט רחמנא גבי שלמי יחיד, (ויקרא ז׳:ל׳) את החזה להניף אותו. אותו, למעוטי אשם של מצורע שאינו טעון תנופה שחוט:

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