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זבחים ח׳:י׳ - ח׳:י״א

The Mishnah Yomi for Thursday, May 8, 2031 is זבחים ח׳:י׳ - ח׳:י״א

＜ היום הקודםהיוםלמחרת ＞

משנה א

Mishnayos Zevachim Perek 8 Mishnah 10

זבחים פרק ח׳ משנה י׳

10
In a case of the blood of an offering that is to be placed on the altar with one placement that was mixed with the blood of another offering that is to be placed on the altar with one placement, e.g., the blood of a firstborn offering with the blood of another firstborn offering or the blood of an animal tithe offering, the blood shall be placed with one placement. In a case of the blood of an offering that is to be placed on the altar with four placements that was mixed with the blood of another offering that is to be placed on the altar with four placements, e.g., the blood of a sin offering with that of another sin offering, or the blood of a burnt offering with that of a peace offering, the blood shall be placed with four placements. If the blood of an offering that is to be placed on the altar with four placements was mixed with the blood of an offering that is to be placed on the altar with one placement, Rabbi Eliezer says: The blood shall be placed with four placements. Rabbi Yehoshua says: The blood shall be placed with one placement, as the priest fulfills the requirement with one placement after the fact. Rabbi Eliezer said to Rabbi Yehoshua: According to your opinion, the priest violates the prohibition of: Do not diminish, as it is written: “All these matters that I command you, that you shall observe to do; you shall not add thereto, nor diminish from it” (Deuteronomy 13:1). One may not diminish the number of required placements from four to one. Rabbi Yehoshua said to Rabbi Eliezer: According to your opinion, the priest violates the prohibition of: Do not add, derived from the same verse. One may not add to the one required placement and place four. Rabbi Eliezer said to Rabbi Yehoshua: The prohibition of: Do not add, is stated only in a case where the blood is by itself, not when it is part of a mixture. Rabbi Yehoshua said to Rabbi Eliezer: Likewise, the prohibition of: Do not diminish, is stated only in a case where the blood is by itself. And Rabbi Yehoshua also said: When you placed four placements, you transgressed the prohibition of: Do not add, and you performed a direct action. When you did not place four placements but only one, although you transgressed the prohibition of: Do not diminish, you did not perform a direct action. An active transgression is more severe than a passive one.
הַנִּתָּנִין מַתָּנָה אַחַת שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ בַנִּתָּנִין בְּמַתָּנָה אַחַת, יִנָּתְנוּ מַתָּנָה אֶחָת. מַתַּן אַרְבַּע בְּמַתַּן אַרְבַּע, יִנָּתְנוּ בְּמַתַּן אַרְבַּע. מַתַּן אַרְבַּע בְּמַתָּנָה אַחַת, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יִנָּתְנוּ בְמַתַּן אַרְבַּע. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, יִנָּתְנוּ בְמַתָּנָה אֶחָת. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, וַהֲרֵי הוּא עוֹבֵר עַל בַּל תִּגְרַע. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, וַהֲרֵי הוּא עוֹבֵר עַל בַּל תּוֹסִיף. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, לֹא נֶאֱמַר בַּל תּוֹסִיף אֶלָּא כְשֶׁהוּא בְעַצְמוֹ. אָמַר לוֹ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, לֹא נֶאֱמַר בַּל תִּגְרַע אֶלָּא כְשֶׁהוּא בְעַצְמוֹ. וְעוֹד אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, כְּשֶׁנָּתַתָּ, עָבַרְתָּ עַל בַּל תּוֹסִיף וְעָשִׂיתָ מַעֲשֶׂה בְיָדֶךָ. וּכְשֶׁלֹּא נָתַתָּ, עָבַרְתָּ עַל בַּל תִּגְרַע וְלֹא עָשִׂיתָ מַעֲשֶׂה בְיָדֶךָ:
י׳
ברטנורא

הניתנין במתנה אחת – In the Gemara (Tractate Zevakhim 81a) as for example, cup of the blood of a firstling that was mixed in a cup of the blood of a tithe.

ינתנו מתנה אחת – from each cup individual cup he gives one gift [of sprinkling] from this cup and another gift [of sprinkling] from that cup.

מתן ארבע במתן ארבע – as, for example, the blood of a burnt-offering with the blood of a peace-offering or the blood of a guilt-offering, for both of them require two gifts which are four and both of them are [sprinkled] below [the red line].

מתן ארבע במתן אחד = as, for example, the [blood of] a burnt-offering with [the blood of] a firstling that both of them are [sprinkled] below [the red line].

רא"א ינתנו במתן ארבע – and I see the extra gifts that are sprinkled from the blood of the firstling as if they are water, and this is not [a violation of] “do not add” (i.e., Deuteronomy 13:1: “[Be careful to observe only that which I enjoin upon you:] neither add to it [nor take away from it.”].

במתנה אחת so that he will not transgress on “do not add” (see above, Deuteronomy 13:1), but regarding the burnt-offering, he has fulfilled it, for all that are given/sprinkled on the outer altar when they are given/sprinkled in one gift, atones.

ולא עשית מעשה בידך – and it is not similar to someone doing an action, to sitting and not doing and the prohibition comes of its own accord. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehoshua.

הנתנין במתנה אחת. בגמרא מפרש כגון כוס דם בכור שנתערב בכוס דם מעשר:

ינתנו מתנה אחת. מכל כוס וכוס יתן מתנה אחת מכוס זה ומתנה אחת מכוס זה:

מתן ארבע במתן ארבע. כגון דם עולה בדם שלמים או בדם אשם, ששניהם טעונים שתי מתנות שהן ארבע ושניהם תחתונים:

מתן ארבע במתן אחד. כגון עולה בבכור ששניהם תחתונים:

רא״א ינתנו במתן ארבע. ורואה אני את מתנות היתירות הניתנות מדם הבכור כאילו הם מים. ואין זה בל תוסיף:

במתנה אחת. שלא יעבור על בל תוסיף. וידי עולה יצא, דכל הנתנים על מזבח החיצון שנתנן במתנה אחת כיפר:

ולא עשית מעשה בידך. ואינו דומה עושה מעשה, ליושב ואינו עושה ואיסור בא מאיליו. והלכה כרבי יהושע:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Zevachim Perek 8 Mishnah 11

זבחים פרק ח׳ משנה י"א

11
Blood that is to be placed on three locations inside the Sanctuary, i.e., between the staves, on the Curtain, and on the golden altar, that was mixed with blood that is to be placed outside the Sanctuary on the external altar in the Temple courtyard, has no remedy, as one may not change the location of the placement of the blood of one to fulfill his obligation with the other type of blood. Therefore, all the blood shall be poured into the Temple courtyard drain. If the priest, on his own initiative, placed the mixture of blood outside the Sanctuary and again placed the mixture of blood inside the Sanctuary, the offering is fit. If the priest, on his own initiative, placed the mixture of blood inside the Sanctuary and again placed the mixture of blood outside the Sanctuary, Rabbi Akiva deems the blood placed outside disqualified, and the Rabbis deem it fit. As Rabbi Akiva says: Any blood that is to be presented outside that entered to atone in the Sanctuary is disqualified; but the Rabbis say: That is the halakha with regard to the blood of an external sin offering alone, as it is written: “And any sin offering, whereof any of the blood is brought into the Tent of Meeting to atone in the Sanctuary, shall not be eaten” (Leviticus 6:23). Rabbi Eliezer says: The status of a guilt offering is like that of a sin offering as well, as it is stated: “As is the sin offering, so is the guilt offering” (Leviticus 7:7), i.e., there is one halakha for them. That is not the case with regard to the blood of other offerings.
הַנִּתָּנִין בִּפְנִים שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ עִם הַנִּתָּנִין בַּחוּץ, יִשָּׁפְכוּ לָאַמָּה. נָתַן בַּחוּץ וְחָזַר וְנָתַן בִּפְנִים, כָּשֵׁר. בִּפְנִים וְחָזַר וְנָתַן בַּחוּץ, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא פוֹסֵל, וַחֲכָמִים מַכְשִׁירִים. שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, כָּל הַדָּמִים שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ לְכַפֵּר בַּהֵיכָל, פְּסוּלִין. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, חַטָּאת בִּלְבָד. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אַף הָאָשָׁם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא ז) כַּחַטָּאת כָּאָשָׁם:
י"א
ברטנורא

הניתנין בפנים כו' ישפכו לאמה – for we don’t say, “we see,” (see Mishnah 9 of this chapter) and it is prohibited to change these because of the fitness/acceptability of those. But Rabbi Eliezer who held that we state, “we see,” does not dispute here. For how should we proceed? Let us sprinkle outside and then afterwards inside, for just as it is a commandment to have the upper parts [of the red line] precede the lower parts, so it is a Mitzvah to have that which is offered inside precede that which is offered outside, for the inside is crucial. Let us sprinkle inside and afterwards sprinkle outside, since there is [the blood] of a sin-offering and a guilt-offering, for if it their blood was mixed with the inner blood, one is not able to state that he should give/sprinkle inside and afterwards, give/sprinkle outside, because it invalidates [the blood sprinkled outside, it was not decided with him (i.e., he could not state it absolutely). But if you would say that we should invalidate the [blood sprinkled] for the outside [sacrifices] in order to validate the [blood sprinkled] for the inner sacrifices, Rabbi Eliezer doe not state that we would invalidate them with our hands, and it is better to wait until sunset so that they will be invalidated of their own accord and they would be poured into the sewer.

נתן בחוץ – a Kohen who did not consult [with the Jewish court] and gave/sprinkled from this mixture outside [the altar], it is kosher/fit.

רבי עקיבא פוסל החיצון – for all the outer blood that entered inside [the altar] were invalidated.

וחכמים מכשירין – for all of the sacrifices except for the outside sin-offering that is invalidated because of (Leviticus 6:23): “But no sin offering may be eaten from which any blood is brought [into the Tent of Meeting for expiation in the sanctuary; any such shall be consumed in fire].” And the Halakha is according to the Sages.

הנתנין בפנים כו׳ ישפכו לאמה. דלא אמרינן רואים, ואסור לשנות את אלו מפני הכשרן של אלו. ורבי אליעזר דסבר אמרינן רואין, לא פליג הכא. דהיכי לעביד, ניתיב לחוץ והדר לפנים, כשם שמצוה להקדים עליונים לתחתונים כך מצוה להקדים פנימי לחיצון, דפנימי חשוב. ניתיב בפנים והדר ניתיב בחוץ, כיון דאיכא חטאת ואשם שאם נתערב דמם בדמים הפנימים לא מצי למימר יתן בפנים ואחר כך יתן בחוץ משום דמפסלי חיצונים, לא פסיקא ליה. וא״ת לפסלינהו לחיצונים כדי להכשיר פנימים. למפסלינהו בידים לא קאמר ר׳ אליעזר, ומוטב להמתין עד שקיעת החמה ויפסלו מאליהן וישפכו, לאמה:

נתן בחוץ. כהן שלא נמלך ונתן מתערובת זו בחוץ, כשר:

ר׳ עקיבא פוסל. החיצון. שכל דמים החיצונים שנכנסו לפנים נפסלו:

וחכמים מכשירים. בכל הקרבנות, חוץ מחטאת החיצונה דמיפסלא משום וכל חטאת אשר יובא כו׳. והלכה כחכמים:

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