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מכות ג׳:ט״ז - שבועות א׳:א׳

The Mishnah Yomi for Wednesday, November 6, 2030 is מכות ג׳:ט״ז - שבועות א׳:א׳

＜ היום הקודםהיוםלמחרת ＞

משנה א

Mishnayos Makkos Perek 3 Mishnah 16

מכות פרק ג׳ משנה ט"ז

16
Rabbi Ḥananya ben Akashya says: The Holy One, Blessed be He, sought to confer merit upon the Jewish people; therefore, He increased for them Torah and mitzvot, as each mitzva increases merit, as it is stated: “It pleased the Lord for the sake of His righteousness to make the Torah great and glorious” (Isaiah 42:21). God sought to make the Torah great and glorious by means of the proliferation of mitzvot.
רַבִּי חֲנַנְיָא בֶּן עֲקַשְׁיָא אוֹמֵר, רָצָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְזַכּוֹת אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל, לְפִיכָךְ הִרְבָּה לָהֶם תּוֹרָה וּמִצְוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה מב) יְיָ חָפֵץ לְמַעַן צִדְקוֹ יַגְדִּיל תּוֹרָה וְיַאְדִּיר:
ט"ז
ברטנורא

לפיכך הרבה להם תורה ומצות – such as the portions of forbidden animals and reptiles (i.e., all kinds of forbidden foods – see Mishnah Sanhedrin Chapter 8, Mishnah 2 and Mishnah Niddah Chapter 3, Mishnah 2), in order to increase the reward when they abstain from them, for even though without that, they would not eat them since the soul of man detests them.

למען צדקו – to make the Jewish people virtuous and to make them worthy [of Divine favor].

לפיכך הרבה להם תורה ומצות. כגון פרשת שקצים ורמשים כדי להרבות שכר כשהן בדילים מהם, אע״פ שבלאו הכי לא היו אוכלין אותן שנפשו של אדם קצה בהן:

למען צדקו. להצדיק את ישראל ולזכות אותן:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Shevuos Perek 1 Mishnah 1

שבועות פרק א׳ משנה א׳

1
With regard to oaths on an utterance of the lips, there are two types that are actually four types. The Torah specifies only two types of oaths whose violation renders one liable to bring a sliding-scale offering to atone for his transgression (see Leviticus 5:4): Where a person takes an oath to perform some action, and where he takes an oath to refrain from performing some action. With regard to both types, the Torah explicitly mentions liability only for an oath pertaining to one’s future behavior. Nevertheless, the Sages derive that one is also liable for a violation of both types of oaths when they pertain to one’s past behavior. Accordingly, although only two types are explicitly mentioned in the Torah, the Sages derive that there are actually four types. The mishna lists similar groups of halakhot. With regard to cases of awareness of the defiling of the Temple by entering it while one is ritually impure, or defiling its sacrificial foods by partaking of them while one is ritually impure, there are two types that are actually four. It is prohibited for an impure person to enter the Temple (see Numbers 19:20) or to partake of its sacrificial foods (see Leviticus 7:19–20). If one transgressed either prohibition during a lapse of awareness, then upon becoming aware of his transgression, he is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering (see Leviticus 5:2). The Torah specifies that one is liable to bring the offering only in the case in which he had a lapse of awareness of the fact that he was impure. The Sages derive that one is liable not only in these two cases, but also where he was aware of his personal status but had a lapse of awareness concerning the identity of the place he was entering or the status of the foods he ate. With regard to acts of carrying out that are prohibited on Shabbat, there are two types that are actually four. On Shabbat, it is prohibited to transfer an item from domain to domain. The Torah explicitly refers to only two cases, both of which involve an item being transferred from a private domain to a public domain: Where the transfer is made by a person who remains in the public domain, and where the transfer is made by a person who remains in the private domain. The Sages derive that liability is incurred in these cases also if the item is transferred from the public domain to the private domain. Although only two types are mentioned by the Torah, the Sages derive that there are actually four types. With regard to shades of leprous marks on a person’s skin, there are two types that are actually four. The Torah specifies that if a leprous mark appears on a person’s skin, the afflicted person must undergo a process of purification and then bring various offerings. Part of the classification of these types of leprosy is based on their shade of white. Two types of marks are explicitly mentioned in the Torah, and the Sages derive that each of these two types has a secondary mark.
שְׁבוּעוֹת שְׁתַּיִם שֶׁהֵן אַרְבַּע, יְדִיעוֹת הַטֻּמְאָה שְׁתַּיִם שֶׁהֵן אַרְבַּע, יְצִיאוֹת הַשַּׁבָּת שְׁתַּיִם שֶׁהֵן אַרְבַּע, מַרְאוֹת נְגָעִים שְׁנַיִם שֶׁהֵם אַרְבָּעָה:
א׳
ברטנורא

שבועות שתים – it is written in Scripture explicitly (Leviticus 5:4): “Or when a person utters an oath to bad or good purpose.” If he eats, it is for a good purpose; if he doesn’t eat, it is for a bad purpose, for he afflicts himself, and the same law applies for everything that is yes/positive or no/negative in the future, for to do bad or to do good in the future is implied.

שהן ארבע – one includes two others that are not written, and they are, yes/positive and no/negative that is of the past, such as “I ate or I did not eat, or I did not eat and I ate.

יעידות הטומאה – (Leviticus 5:2): “Or when a person touches an unclean thing” that is stated in Leviticus near the defiling of the Temple and its holy objects.

שתים – are written in the Biblical verse, as it is written (Leviticus 5:2): “and the fact has escaped him, and then, being unclean, [he realizes his guilt],” implying that the defilement that escaped from him, and through that act of forgetfulness/having escaped from him, he ate holy meat, which is one [sin], or entered into the Sanctuary, which is two.

שהן ארבע – one can include another two obligations. The escaping from him of holiness and the escaping of him of the Sanctuary and he remembered the defilement.

יציאות שבת – removal from the private domain to the public domain, [whereby] we derive it from the Biblical verse (Exodus 36:6): “Moses thereupon had this proclamation made throughout the camp: [‘Let no man or woman make further effort towards gifts for the sanctuary!’]; you should not remove from the private domain to the public domain.

אחת – one – to the person who stands outside and stretches his hand inside and took the object and removed it, and the other for the person who stands inside and takes the object from his place and takes it outside.

שהן ארבע – one can add another two of bringing in, even though they are not written, for just as the Torah was strict from domain to domain regarding removing/taking out, so it was strict on bringing inside, one for the purpose standing inside and removing his hand to outside and taking the object and bringing [it] inside, and the other – for the person who stands outside and takes the object from his place and stretches [his hand] inside and places it [within].

מראות נגעים שתים – it is written in Scripture (Leviticus 13:2): “a swelling, [a rash], or a discoloration, [and it develops into a scaly affection on the skin of his body.”

שהן ארבע – the subspecies of a swelling and the subspecies of a discoloration, and they are not written explicitly in Scripture.

שבועות, שתים. כתיבי בקרא בהדיא (ויקרא ה׳:ד׳) או נפש כי תשבע לבטא בשפתים להרע או להיטיב. אוכל, להיטיב. לא אוכל, להרע, שמענה את עצמו. וה״ה לכל דבר שהוא הן ולאו להבא, דלהרע או להיטיב להבא משמע:

שהן ארבע. יש לרבות עוד שתים אחרים דלא כתיבי. והן, הן ולאו דלשעבר. כמו אכלתי ולא אכל, או לא אכלתי ואכל:

ידיעות הטומאה. או נפש אשר תגע בכל דבר טמא (שם), האמור בויקרא אצל טומאת מקדש וקדשיו:

שתים. כתיבי בקרא. דכתיב (שם) ונעלם ממנו והוא טמא, משמע שנעלמה ממנו טומאה ועל ידי אותו העלם אכל בשר קודש, הרי אחת. או נכנס למקדש, הרי שתים:

שהן ארבע. יש לרבות עוד שנים חיובים אחרים. העלם קודש, והעלם מקדש וזכור הוא את הטומאה:

יציאות השבת. הוצאה מרשות היחיד לרשות הרבים, ילפינן מקרא מן ויצו משה ויעבירו קול במחנה וגו׳ (שמות ל״ז), לא תפיקו מרשות היחיד לרשות הרבים:

שתים. אחת לעומד בחוץ והושיט ידו לפנים ונטל החפץ והוציאו, ואחת לעומד בפנים ונטל החפץ ממקומו והוציאו לחוץ:

שהן ארבע. יש להוסיף עוד שתים דהכנסה, אע״ג דלא כתיבי. שכשם שהקפידה תורה מרשות לרשות בהוצאה, כך הקפידה על ההכנסה. אחת לעומד בפנים והוציא ידו לחוץ ונטל חפץ והכניס, ואחת לעומד בחוץ ונטל חפץ ממקומו והושיטו לפנים והניחו:

מראות נגעים שנים. כתיבי בקרא (ויקרא י״ג), שאת ובהרת:

שהן ארבעה. תולדה דשאת ותולדה דבהרת, דלא כתיבי בקרא בהדיא:

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