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מכות ג׳:י׳ - ג׳:י״א

The Mishnah Yomi for Sunday, November 3, 2030 is מכות ג׳:י׳ - ג׳:י״א

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משנה א

Mishnayos Makkos Perek 3 Mishnah 10

מכות פרק ג׳ משנה י׳

10
With how many lashes does one flog a person sentenced to receive lashes? One flogs him with forty lashes less one, as it is stated: “And he shall strike him before him, in accordance with his wickedness, by number. Forty he shall strike him, he shall not add” (Deuteronomy 25:2–3). The mishna joins the end of the first verse and the beginning of the second, forming the phrase: “By number, forty,” which is interpreted as: A sum adjacent to forty. Rabbi Yehuda says: He is flogged with a full forty lashes. And where is he flogged the extra lash? As the mishna proceeds to explain, the thirty-nine lashes are divided into three and administered in three places on the body of the person being flogged; according to Rabbi Yehuda there is one lash that remains. That lash is administered between his shoulders.
כַּמָּה מַלְקִין אוֹתוֹ, אַרְבָּעִים חָסֵר אַחַת. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כה) בְּמִסְפָּר אַרְבָּעִים, מִנְיָן שֶׁהוּא סָמוּךְ לְאַרְבָּעִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַרְבָּעִים שְׁלֵמוֹת הוּא לוֹקֶה. וְהֵיכָן הוּא לוֹקֶה אֶת הַיְתֵרָה, בֵּין כְּתֵפָיו:
י׳
ברטנורא

מנין שהוא סמוך לארבעים – that causes to say afterwards “forty,” which is thirty nine. If the Torah had written: “Forty in number,” I would think that forty is the number. Now that it is written (Deuteronomy 25:2-3): “by count” (verse 2) and “Up to forty” (verse 3), it is the number that causes one to say after it “forty,” that is, “thirty-nine.”

והיכן הוא לוקה את היתירה – that is not worthy to be divisible by three, for thirty-nine is worthy of being divided by three, one third in his front, and two thirds – one on this shoulder and one on the other shoulder. And this of forty – how would he flog it?

בין כתפיו – But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.

מנין שהוא סמוך לארבעים. שגורם לומר אחריו ארבעים, דהיינו תשע ושלשים. אי הוה כתיב ארבעים במספר, הוה אמינא ארבעים במנינא, השתא דכתיב במספר ארבעים, במספר הגורם לומר אחריו ארבעים, דהיינו תשע ושלשים:

והיכן הוא לוקה את היתירה. שאינה ראויה להשתלש. דתשע ושלשים ראויות להשתלש, שליש מלפניו ושתי ידות אחת על כתף זו ואחת על כתף זו, וזו של ארבעים היכן לוקה אותה:

בין כתפיו. ואין הלכה כר׳ יהודה:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Makkos Perek 3 Mishnah 11

מכות פרק ג׳ משנה י"א

11
One assesses the number of lashes that the one being punished is capable of withstanding only with a number of lashes fit to be divided into three equal groups. If the assessment was that he can survive twenty lashes, he is flogged with eighteen. Likewise, if doctors assessed concerning him that he is able to receive forty lashes and survive, and he is then flogged some of those forty lashes, and then they assessed him again and concluded that he cannot receive forty lashes and survive, he is exempt from the additional lashes. If the doctors initially assessed concerning him that he is able to receive only eighteen lashes, and once he was flogged eighteen times they assessed that he is able to receive forty, he is exempt from receiving additional lashes. If one performed a transgression that involves two prohibitions, and they assessed concerning him a single assessment of the number of lashes that he could withstand in punishment for both transgressions, he is flogged in accordance with their assessment and is exempt from any additional lashes. And if not, if he was assessed with regard to the lashes that he could withstand for one transgression, he is flogged and is allowed to heal, and then is flogged again for violating the second prohibition.
אֵין אוֹמְדִין אוֹתוֹ אֶלָּא בְמַכּוֹת הָרְאוּיוֹת לְהִשְׁתַּלֵּשׁ. אֲמָדוּהוּ לְקַבֵּל אַרְבָּעִים, לָקָה מִקְצָת וְאָמְרוּ שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְקַבֵּל אַרְבָּעִים, פָּטוּר. אֲמָדוּהוּ לְקַבֵּל שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה, מִשֶּׁלָּקָה אָמְרוּ שֶׁיָּכוֹל הוּא לְקַבֵּל אַרְבָּעִים, פָּטוּר. עָבַר עֲבֵרָה שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ שְׁנֵי לָאוִין, אֲמָדוּהוּ אֹמֶד אֶחָד, לוֹקֶה וּפָטוּר. וְאִם לָאו, לוֹקֶה וּמִתְרַפֵּא וְחוֹזֵר וְלוֹקֶה:
י"א
ברטנורא

אין אומדין אותו וכו' – for all who are flogged in the Jewish court, it was necessary to estimate at the beginning so that he would not die as a result of the beatings, since it is written (Deuteronomy 25:3): “He may be given up to [forty lashes], but not more, lest being flogged further” for if he must lessen it, they lessen it.

אלא במכות הראויות להשתלש – and we never add to the estimate.

אמדוהו לקבל ארבעים – minus one, but he used the language of the Bible.

אמדוהו אומד אחד – for two sets of floggings, such as they estimated for him to receive forty-two [floggings].

ואם לאו – that they only estimated for him to received only for one set of floggings.

אין אומדין אותו וכו׳ שכל הלוקין בב״ד היו צריכין לאמדן בתחלה שלא ימותו מחמת ההכאות. מדכתיב לא יוסיף, מכלל שאם צריך לגרוע גורעין:

אלא במכות הראויות להשתלש. ואין מוסיפין לעולם על האומד:

אמדוהו לקבל ארבעים. חסר אחת. אלא לישנא דקרא נקט:

אמדוהו אומד אחד. לשתי מלקיות. כגון אמדוהו ללקות ארבעים ושתים:

ואם לאו. שלא אמדוהו אלא למלקות אחת:

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