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בבא מציעא י׳:ה׳ - י׳:ו׳

The Mishnah Yomi for Friday, August 2, 2030 is בבא מציעא י׳:ה׳ - י׳:ו׳

＜ היום הקודםהיוםלמחרת ＞

משנה א

Mishnayos Bava Metzia Perek 10 Mishnah 5

בבא מציעא פרק י׳ משנה ה׳

5
In the case of one whose wall was adjacent to another’s garden, and the wall fell, and the owner of the garden said to him: Clear away your stones, and the owner of the stones said to him: They are yours, as I hereby declare them ownerless, and you can take them for yourself; the court does not listen to him, since he cannot force the other to acquire the stones. If after the owner of the garden voluntarily accepted ownership of the stones upon himself, the owner of the wall said to him: Here you are, take your expenditures for the removal of the stones, and I will take the stones that are mine; the court does not listen to him, as they had already been acquired by the owner of the garden. The mishna continues: In the case of one who hires a laborer to do work with him with hay or with straw, and after he finished the task, the laborer said to the employer: Give me my wages, and the employer said to him: Take what you have worked with as your wages, i.e., take some of the hay or straw as payment, the court does not listen to him. Although debts can be paid with any item of value, even hay or straw, the wages of a laborer must be paid in accordance with the initial agreement between the laborer and the employer. But if after the laborer accepted upon himself to keep the hay or straw as payment, the employer changed his mind and said to him: Here you are, take your wages and I will take what is mine; the court does not listen to him, since the laborer had already acquired the hay. In the case of one who takes manure out to the public domain, in order for it to be transported to fertilize a field, he who takes it out from his property takes it out, and immediately, he who takes it to fertilize the field takes it to fertilize the field. They must relocate the manure immediately without allowing it to sit around in the public domain. Similarly, one may not soak clay in the public domain before it is kneaded, and one may not mold bricks in the public domain since this takes a long time and inhibits use of the public domain by others. But one may knead clay in the public domain, as this process does not take long, but not bricks. With regard to one who builds a structure, keeping the building materials in the public domain, he who brings the stones brings them, and immediately, he who builds the structure builds with them, and may not leave them there. And if the stones cause damage before he had a chance to build them into the structure, he must pay for what he damaged. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: One may even prepare his work thirty days beforehand; he may keep the building materials in the public domain for that duration.
מִי שֶׁהָיָה כֹתְלוֹ סָמוּךְ לְגִנַּת חֲבֵרוֹ וְנָפַל, וְאָמַר לוֹ פַּנֵּה אֲבָנֶיךָ, וְאָמַר לוֹ הִגִּיעוּךָ, אֵין שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ. מִשֶּׁקִּבֵּל עָלָיו אָמַר לוֹ הֵילָךְ אֶת יְצִיאוֹתֶיךָ וַאֲנִי אֶטֹּל אֶת שֶׁלִּי, אֵין שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ. הַשּׂוֹכֵר אֶת הַפּוֹעֵל לַעֲשׂוֹת עִמּוֹ בְּתֶבֶן וּבְקַשׁ, וְאָמַר לוֹ תֶּן לִי שְׂכָרִי, וְאָמַר לוֹ טֹל מַה שֶּׁעָשִׂיתָ בִּשְׂכָרֶךָ, אֵין שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ. מִשֶּׁקִּבֵּל עָלָיו וְאָמַר לוֹ הֵילָךְ שְׂכָרְךָ וַאֲנִי אֶטֹּל אֶת שֶׁלִּי, אֵין שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ. הַמּוֹצִיא זֶבֶל לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, הַמּוֹצִיא מוֹצִיא וְהַמְזַבֵּל מְזַבֵּל. אֵין שׁוֹרִין טִיט בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, וְאֵין לוֹבְנִים לְבֵנִים. אֲבָל גּוֹבְלִין טִיט בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, אֲבָל לֹא לְבֵנִים. הַבּוֹנֶה בִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, הַמֵּבִיא אֲבָנִים מֵבִיא וְהַבּוֹנֶה בּוֹנֶה. וְאִם הִזִּיק, מְשַׁלֵּם מַה שֶּׁהִזִּיק. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אַף מְתַקֵּן הוּא אֶת מְלַאכְתּוֹ לִפְנֵי שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם:
ה׳
ברטנורא

ונפל – into midst of the garden of his fellow.

הגיעוך – take possession of them and clear them for yourself.

אין שומעין לו – if this one doesn’t want, he doesn’t purchase them and this one is liable to clear them.

בתבן ובקש – to gather them of his own, or from something ownerless.

אין שומעין לו – even though that it in every place we have what is equivalent to money is like money, concerning a hired worker, it is not like this, for it is written (Leviticus 19:13): “The wages of a laborer shall not remain,” on what that he makes a condition explicitly is implied.

המוציא מוציא והמזבל מזבל – when this one brings it (i.e., the manure) from the cattle-shed to the public domain, the carrier brings it to manure, and he is not permitted to detain it there.

גובלין טיט – to put it immediately into the building.

והבונה בונה – he receives them from the person who brings them and builds.

מתקן – they are ready at hand in the public domain all thirty days, and he is not liable for damages. But the Halakha is not according to Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel.

ונפל. לתוך גינת חבירו:

הגיעוך. זכה בהן ופנה אותן לעצמך:

אין שומעין לו. אם אין זה רוצה אין קונה אותן, וחייב הלה לפנותן:

בתבן ובקש. ללקט לו משלו או משל הפקר:

אין שומעין לו. אע״ג דבכל דוכתא אית לן שוה כסף ככסף, גבי שכיר אינו כן, דלא תלין פעולת שכיר כתיב, אמאי דאתני בהדיה משמע:

המוציא מוציא והמזבל מזבל. כשזה מוציאו מן הרפת לרשות הרבים יהא מוכן הנושאו לזבל, ואינו רשאי להשהותו שם:

גובלין טיט. לתת מיד בבנין:

והבונה בונה. מקבלן מיד המביא ובונה:

מתקן. מזמן ברה״ר כל שלשים יום, ואינו חייב בנזקין. ואין הלכה כרשב״ג:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Bava Metzia Perek 10 Mishnah 6

בבא מציעא פרק י׳ משנה ו׳

6
In the case of two gardens that were located one above the other, i.e., a garden on a plateau that borders another garden below, and vegetables grew in-between, out of the wall of soil resulting from the difference in height between the two gardens, Rabbi Meir says: These vegetables belong to the owner of the upper garden. Rabbi Yehuda says: They belong to the owner of the lower one. Rabbi Meir said in explanation of his ruling: If the owner of the upper garden would want to dig and take his dirt and does so, no vegetables would grow here, as that wall made of soil would not exist. The vegetables therefore belong to him. In response, Rabbi Yehuda said: If the owner of the lower garden would want to fill his garden with dirt and does so, thereby raising its level, no vegetables would grow here, as that wall made of soil would not exist. The vegetables therefore belong to him. Rabbi Meir said: Since the two of them can object to each other, as they each have the ability to prevent the vegetable growth, nothing can be decided based on such considerations. Instead, the court considers from where this vegetable lives and derives nourishment, whether from above or from below. Rabbi Shimon said: Any vegetables that the owner of the upper garden can stretch out his hand and take, those vegetables are his, and the rest belong to the owner of the lower garden.
שְׁתֵּי גִנּוֹת זוֹ עַל גַּב זוֹ וְהַיָּרָק בֵּינְתַיִם, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, שֶׁל עֶלְיוֹן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שֶׁל תַּחְתּוֹן. אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, אִם יִרְצֶה הָעֶלְיוֹן לִקַּח אֶת עֲפָרוֹ אֵין כָּאן יָרָק. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אִם יִרְצֶה הַתַּחְתּוֹן לְמַלְּאוֹת אֶת גִּנָּתוֹ אֵין כָּאן יָרָק. אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, מֵאַחַר שֶׁשְּׁנֵיהֶן יְכוֹלִין לִמְחוֹת זֶה עַל זֶה, רוֹאִין מֵהֵיכָן יָרָק זֶה חָי. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, כָּל שֶׁהָעֶלְיוֹן יָכוֹל לִפְשֹׁט אֶת יָדוֹ וְלִטֹּל, הֲרֵי הוּא שֶׁלּוֹ, וְהַשְּׁאָר שֶׁל תַּחְתּוֹן:
ו׳
ברטנורא

שתי גינות – of two people who are near one another. The one – his ground/plot is higher and the one near him, his ground/plot is lower.

והירק בינתים – in the rising of the elevation, that this one is higher than that one.

של עליון – for it is his dust and it is from his that it absorbs.

של תחתון – that upon his empty space it is placed.

מאחר ששניהם יכולין למחות – so that there will not be these vegetables here, the upper one takes the dust, and the lower one to fill up his garden.

רואין מהיכן ירק זה חי – from the place that it absorbs and grows, to this one, it should be given.

כל שעליון יכול לפשוט ידו וליטול הרי אלו שלו – as Rabbi Meir stated, since it is from his dust that it lives.

והשאר של תחתון – for the upper [garden] itself has renounced ownership of it, regarding the bottom, for it is a disgrace for him to take permission to enter into [the garden] of his fellow and to take it. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Shimon.

שתי גינות. של שני בני אדם סמוכות זו לזו. האחת קרקעיתה גבוה, ושאצלה קרקעיתה נמוך:

והירק בנתים. בזקיפת הגובה, שזו גבוה מזו:

של עליון. שהרי עפרו הוא ומשלו הוא יונק:

של תחתון. שעל אוירו היא מונחת:

מאחר ששניהם יכולים למחות. שלא יהא ירק זה כאן. עליון ליטול עפרו, ותחתון למלאות גינתו:

רואין מהיכן ירק זה חי. ממקום שהוא יונק וגדל. ולו ינתן:

כל שעליון יכול לפשוט ידו וליטול הרי אלו שלו. כדקאמר רבי מאיר. הואיל ומעפרו הוא חי:

והשאר של תחתון. דעליון גופיה אפקורי מפקיר ליה לגבי דתחתון. שגנאי הוא לו ליטול רשות ליכנס לתוך של חבירו וללקחו. והלכה כרבי שמעון:

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