כלים ט׳:ה׳ - ט׳:ו׳

חרסים שנשתמש בהן משקין טמאים (potsherds that had been used with unclean liquids) – as for example, a large vessel for the collection of urine (for manufacturing purposes) of a man who has gonorrhea or a woman with a flux that was broken and its potsherds absorbed their urine. But we are speaking about, for example that they rinsed them in water three times in order that there should not remain in them unclean liquid. For if he did not rinse them, the oven is defiled on account of the liquids that are attached to their walls as if they are visible to the eye.

שסוף משקה לצאת – that is to say, it is the manner of liquid to exit through heating of the potsherds, and since that these potsherds were in the oven at the time of heating, the liquids left them and defiled the oven from its airspace.

גפת – the refuse of olives (i.e., peat) after they removed their oils.

חדשה – within twelve months.

ישנה – after twelve months, that all of the liquid that was in them left on their own.

והלכו עליהם טמאים – ritually impure people [walked on them].

טהורים – they were not defiled through their treading/walking [on them], since they were not ever called/referred to as defiled.

כוש (reed used as a spindle) – a spindle that a woman spins on it and there is a curved/winding iron tool at its head and its name is צנורא /hook and sometimes the iron tool is sunk within the wood and all it is covered by the wood.

מלמד (ox-goad/handle – in which the iron point was driven in so that nothing could be seen of it) – a long staff and at its head is something similar to a thin nail/pin, and they direct with it the cow to its furrow/ridge, therefore, it is called מלמד בקר/it trains the cattle. But the nail/pin that is at its head is called a goad/the iron point on the staff, like (Ecclesiastes 12:11): “The sayings of the wise are like goads.”

ולבנה שבלעה את הטבעת (the clay brick which swallowed up the ring) – that the ring was kneaded in the plaster of the brick and smelted with it in the furnace/kiln.

נכנסו לאוהל המת – when they are absorbed and hidden within the reed or within the ox-goad or within the brick.

נטמאו – for the tent of a corpse does not protect/save them and similarly from the hand of an earthenware vessel but rather a vessel that has an inside. But this is not similar other than a bone like the size of a barley corn that is wrapped in fibrous substance (i.e., bast of a palm tree).

הסיטן הזב (if the man with gonorrhea shook/shifted – to move it from its place) – even though he did not come in contact with them but that he overbalanced/outweighed them.

נטמאו – for the person with gonorrhea defiles through shaking an object so as to move it from place to place. Even that which is surrounded by an airtight lid defiles through shaking, all the more so this.

נגע בהן ככר של תרומה – when they are absorbed.

טהור – the loaf [is pure]. But even though it is of heave-offering and something of second-degree [of ritual uncleanness] defiles it, and even the iron that is absorbed/swallowed which is the primary source of ritual impurity we don’t say that we make the wood that covers it first [degree of ritual uncleanness] or second [degree of ritual uncleanness] and the loaf will be third [degree of ritual uncleanness] and be defiled, but it defiles the oven, and even though they are absorbed/swallowed, because the oven is defiled through its airspace and even if the defiling object did not come in contact with it, and the defilement that is absorbed from its defilement is as we explained in our chapter above (see Tractate Kelim, Chapter 8, Mishnah 5).