Keilim 11:3 - 11:4

העשת (wrought metal) –a piece of iron when they remove it from the quarry/mine.

חררה (a ball of iron ore before it is smelted) – after they smelt the iron they make of it a round mold/loaf like a cake.

סובב על גלגל (the iron hoop of a wheel) – the wheel of a wagon of wood, they make around it a foil or other plating material of iron that won’t break on the stony/rugged ground or rocks.

טסין (foil, plate) –(Exodus 39:3): “They hammered out sheets of gold,” which we translate into Aramaic: “And they beat out/hammer foils of gold.”

כני כלים – the bases of utensils. The language of "את כנו" /”and its stand” (Exodus 30:28), which we translate into Aramaic, “and its stand.”

הוגני כלים (basin/אוגני of vessels) – like a necklace/chain that surrounds the rim of the vessels.

אזני כלים – handle that they grab hold of the vessel.

השחלת (metal filings/shavings) – what remains from the vessel after it is made. The language of כמשחל בניתא מחלבא/(One’s death is like) drawing out hair from milk – /in Berakhot 8a and we translate [into Aramaic the passage](Exodus 2:10): “I drew him (Moses) out of the water,” I drew out the lion from the water.

גרודות – that is scraped from the utensil at the time that it is made. The language is stated from Job 2:8): "[ויקח-לו חרש] להתגרר בו [ישב התוך-האפר]."/”[He took a potsherd] to scratch himself [as he sat in ashes].”

טהורים – for we are not concerned in all of these that perhaps they came from an impure vessel and he returned and made from them [another] vessel, they returned to their earlier defilement, for all of these did not appear to be able to receive defilement ever, because they are unfinished vessels [lacking a receptacle], and unfinished metal vessels are not susceptible to receive defilement. And this is taught in the Tosefta (see Tosafot Yom Tov on this entry which referred me to Kelim Bava Metzia 2:17: “And what are the unfinished wooden objects which are unclean? Whatever one is destined to smooth, to scrape, to hollow out or to plane. [If] they lacked a cup, a border, an ear, or a hand, they are unclean. [If] they lacked hollowing, they are clean” (see also Tractate Kelim, Chapter 12, Mishnah 8). And which are those unfinished metal vessels? That which are destined to smooth, to adorn with designs, to scrape/plane, to make a rim by hollowing out the center/rounding off, and to beat with a mallet, that which is missing a chain surrounding the rim of the vessel or a handle is pure.

אף מן הקצוצות (even from the cut metal, strip, wire) – if he cut the vessels in pieces, the vessels that are made from those pieces did not return to their earlier defilement. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri.

גרוטאות – vessels that were broken because of their usage and were made into small pieces after their aging are called גרוטות /fragments of vessels. But they are smaller than shards of vessels/shattered iron.

ומן המסמרות שידוע שנעשו מכלים (and from nails known to have been made from other vessels) – even though we don’t know if they came from pure vessels or from the impure ones.

טמאין – the vessels made from them are impure, for we are concerned that perhaps they came from impure vessels and returned to their former state of impurity.

מן המסמרות – undefined. That we don’t know if they were made from utensils or from the wrought iron.

בית שמאי מטמאין – that they decreed that these are on account of those.

ובית הלל מטהרין – that they didn’t decree.

ברזל טמא – that came from shards of vessels.

שבללו – that he mixed/scraped with each other and smelt them and made from both of them a vessel.

ברזל טהור – that came from the wrought iron or from the ball of iron ore, etc.

אם רוב מן הטמא טמא – that it returns to its original impurity.

חלמא (a sort of cement used for making vessels) – plaster that cleaves like the white of an egg.

ומן הגללים – that he combined the plaster with the excrement of cattle and made from them vessels and smelt them in a furnace/kiln. If a majority are from a sort of cement used for making vessels. For utensils of excrement are not susceptible to receive defilement.

קלוסטרא (fastening, lock/bar) – the door-bolt/pin of the door. And it is a peg that they lock the door with as was explained above, it is customary to make at its head like a kind of apple/door-bolt and it is called a גלוסטרא. But if it was made from iron, it is impure, as it returns to its original state of impurity, because it is appropriate to crush the garlic in the mortar.

מצפה טהורה (plated wood with metal) – if it was from pure iron and covered with impure metal, it is pure, for we follow after that which is essential but not after the covering that is of impure metal.

הפין והפורנא (pivots and the skeleton-key /clutch and cross-piece) – the fixed teeth in the lock (i.e., socket and pivot) and the pivot goes into the lock.

שומטה מפתח זה ותולה בחבירו – through dragging alone, for it is carrying from the side. But complete carrying is not [permitted]. But Rabbi Tarfon permits even complete carrying like his guest, but perhaps the Tanna comes to teach us that here, with the impure lock that is taught in the first clause of the Mishnah, is not the opinion of all but rather the dispute between Rabbi Yehoshua and Rabbi Tarfon, for according to Rabbi Yehoshua it is pure, for in order that he does not compare it [to a vessel] with regard to the Sabbath, so here too, he does not compare it [to a vessel] with regard to defilement.