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המשנה היומית של היום

סוטה ג׳:ז׳ - ג׳:ח׳

The Mishnah Yomi for Thursday, May 16, 2024 is סוטה ג׳:ז׳ - ג׳:ח׳

＜ היום הקודםהיוםלמחרת ＞

משנה א

Mishnayos Sotah Perek 3 Mishnah 7

סוטה פרק ג׳ משנה ז׳

7
And all the women who are married to priests, their meal-offerings are always burned, as the verse states: “And every meal-offering of a priest shall be completely burned; it shall not be eaten” (Leviticus 6:16). An Israelite woman who is married to a priest, her meal-offering is burned; and the daughter of a priest who is married to an Israelite, her meal-offering is eaten. The mishna asks a general question: What are the differences between a priest and the daughter of a priest? The meal-offering of the daughter of a priest is eaten by the priests, but the meal-offering of a priest is not eaten. The daughter of a priest can become disqualified from marrying a priest and from partaking of teruma by engaging in sexual intercourse with someone forbidden to her, but a priest does not become desacralized by engaging in sexual intercourse with a woman forbidden to him. The daughter of a priest may become impure with impurity imparted by a corpse, but a priest may not become impure with impurity imparted by a corpse except for the burial of his seven closest relatives. A priest may eat from offerings of the most sacred order, but the daughter of a priest may not eat from offerings of the most sacred order.
בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְכֹהֵן, מִנְחָתָהּ נִשְׂרֶפֶת. וְכֹהֶנֶת שֶׁנִּשֵּׂאת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, מִנְחָתָהּ נֶאֱכֶלֶת. מַה בֵּין כֹּהֵן לְכֹהֶנֶת, מִנְחַת כֹּהֶנֶת נֶאֱכֶלֶת, מִנְחַת כֹּהֵן אֵינָהּ נֶאֱכֶלֶת. כֹּהֶנֶת מִתְחַלֶּלֶת, וְכֹהֵן אֵין מִתְחַלֵּל. כֹּהֶנֶת מִטַּמְּאָה לְמֵתִים, וְאֵין כֹּהֵן מִטַּמֵּא לְמֵתִים. כֹּהֵן אוֹכֵל בְּקָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים, וְאֵין כֹּהֶנֶת אוֹכֶלֶת בְּקָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים:
ז׳
ברטנורא

כהנת שנשאת לישראל – the daughter of a Kohen.

מנחתה נאכלת – it is written (Leviticus 6:16): “So, too, every meal offering of a priest shall be a whole offering [it shall not be eaten].” A Kohen, but not the daughter of a Kohen, and similarly a daughter of a Priest who is a widow and–or a divorcee who brought a free-will donation of meal-offering is consumed.

כהנת מתחללת – from the priest’s due and from the priesthood if she was engaged in a sexual affair to those who are unfit, she never can return to her state of fitness ever.

כהן אינו מתחלל – if he married a divorcee, the priest’s wife’s illegitimately married to him or a harlot, but rather all the while that he is with her, he is unfit for Divine service. When he divorces her, he returns to his state of spiritual fitness, as it is written (Leviticus 21:15): “that he may not profane his offspring among his kin;” his progeny are profaned but he is not is not profaned.

כהנת מטמאה למתים – as it is written (Leviticus 21:1): “[Speak to the priests,] the sons of Aaron,” and not the daughters of Aaron.

ואין כהנת אוכלת בקדשי קדשים – for the sin offering and guilt offering and meal-offering, with all of them it is written (Leviticus 6:11): “Only the males among Aaron’s descendants shall eat of it.”

וכהנת שנשאת לישראל. בת כהן:

מנחתה נאכלת. דכל מנחת כהן כליל תהיה, כתיב, כהן ולא כהנת. וכן כהנת אלמנה וגרושה שהביאה מנחת נדבה נאכלת:

כהנת מתחללת. מן התרומה ומן הכהונה. אם נבעלה לפסולים שוב אינה חוזרת לכשרותה לעולם:

כהן אינו מתחלל. אם נשא גרושה חללה או זונה, אלא כל זמן שהוא עמה הוא פסול לעבודה, משגרשה חוזר להכשרו, דכתיב (שם כ״א) ולא יחלל זרעו, זרעו חלל, והוא אינו חלל:

כהנת מטמאה למתים. דכתיב (שם) בני אהרן, ולא בנות אהרן:

ואין כהנת אוכלת בקדשי קדשים. דחטאת ואשם ומנחה בכולהו כתיב (שם ו׳) כל זכר בבני אהרן יאכלנו:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Sotah Perek 3 Mishnah 8

סוטה פרק ג׳ משנה ח׳

8
What are the halakhic differences between a man and a woman? A man lets his hair grow and rends his garments when he is a leper, but a woman does not let her hair grow or rend her garments when she is a leper. A man can vow that his minor son shall be a nazirite, obligating the son to remain a nazirite even during his adulthood, but a woman cannot vow that her son shall be a nazirite. A man can shave at the culmination of his naziriteship by using offerings originally designated for his father’s naziriteship, i.e., if one’s father was also a nazirite and he died having already designated offerings for the culmination of his naziriteship; but a woman cannot shave at the culmination of her naziriteship by using offerings designated for her father’s naziriteship. A man can betroth his daughter to another man while she is a minor, but a woman cannot betroth her daughter even while she is a minor. A man can sell his daughter as a maidservant while she is a minor, but a woman cannot sell her daughter as a maidservant even while she is a minor. A man is stoned naked, but a woman is not stoned naked. A man is hanged after he is stoned for certain transgressions, but a woman is not hanged. A man is sold for his committing an act of theft in order to pay his debt, but a woman is not sold for her committing an act of theft.
מַה בֵּין אִישׁ לְאִשָּׁה. הָאִישׁ פּוֹרֵעַ וּפוֹרֵם, וְאֵין הָאִשָּׁה פוֹרַעַת וּפוֹרֶמֶת. הָאִישׁ מַדִּיר אֶת בְּנוֹ בְּנָזִיר, וְאֵין הָאִשָּׁה מַדֶּרֶת אֶת בְּנָהּ בְּנָזִיר. הָאִישׁ מְגַלֵּחַ עַל נְזִירוּת אָבִיו, וְאֵין הָאִשָּׁה מְגַלַּחַת עַל נְזִירוּת אָבִיהָ. הָאִישׁ מוֹכֵר אֶת בִּתּוֹ, וְאֵין הָאִשָּׁה מוֹכֶרֶת אֶת בִּתָּהּ. הָאִישׁ מְקַדֵּשׁ אֶת בִּתּוֹ, וְאֵין הָאִשָּׁה מְקַדֶּשֶׁת אֶת בִּתָּהּ. הָאִישׁ נִסְקָל עָרֹם, וְאֵין הָאִשָּׁה נִסְקֶלֶת עֲרֻמָּה. הָאִישׁ נִתְלֶה, וְאֵין הָאִשָּׁה נִתְלֵית. הָאִישׁ נִמְכָּר בִּגְנֵבָתוֹ, וְאֵין הָאִשָּׁה נִמְכֶּרֶת בִּגְנֵבָתָהּ:
ח׳
ברטנורא

האיש פורע ופורם – when he is afflicted with leprosy, he lets his hair grow and tears his garments, as it is written (Leviticus 13:44): “The man is leprous; he is unclean.” A man lets his hair grow and he tears his garments. A woman does not let her hair grow and she does not tear her garments.

האיש מדיר בנו בנזיר – (this section of the Mishnah is also found in Tractate Nazir, Chapter 4, Mishnah 6) – His minor son and his Naziriteship falls upon him, and even when he grows up, and this Halakha is in [Tractate] Nazir and it has no support from the Torah.

האיש מגלח על נזירו אביו – (this section of the Mishnah is also found in Tractate Nazir, Chapter 5, Mishnah 7) – if his father made a vow in his Naziriteship and separated out his sacrifice (i.e., hair offering), and died, and his son was a Nazir, or that he took the vow of Naziriteship after the death of his father, the son shaves his head on the day of his fulfillment [of the vow] and he brings the sacrifices that his father separated out. And also this Halakha has no support.

האיש מקדש את בתו – (this section of the Mishnah is also found in Tractate Kiddushin, Chapter 2, Mishnah 1) – he accepts the betrothal of his minor daughter against her will, as it is written (Deuteronomy 22:16): “I gave this man my daughter to wife.”

האיש נסקל ערום – (this section of the Mishnah is also found in Tractate Sanhedrin, Chapter 6, Mishnayot 3-4) – as it is written (Leviticus 24:14): “and let [the whole community] stone him,” but it is impossible to state him and not her, for behold it is written (Deuteronomy 17:5): “you shall take the man or the woman [who did that wicked thing] out [to the public place],” but rather, him but not his clothing, but her (i.e., this woman) with her clothes.

האיש נתלה – as it is written (Deuteronomy 21:22): “and you impale him on a stake,” him and not her.

האיש נמכר בגניבתו – as it is written (Exodus 22:2): “he shall be sold for his theft,” and not her theft.

האיש פורע ופורם. כשהוא מנוגע פורע את ראשו ופורם את בגדיו, דכתיב (שם י״ג) איש צרוע הוא וכו׳, איש פורע ופורם, ואין אשה פורעת ופורמת:

האיש מדיר בנו בנזיר. בנו קטן. וחלה נזירתו עליו ואפילו לכשיגדל. וזו הלכה היא בנזיר ואין לה סמך מן התורה:

האיש מגלח על נזירות אביו. אם נדר אביו בנזירות והפריש קרבנותיו ומת והיה בנו נזיר או שנדר בנזירות לאחר מיתת אביו. הרי הבן מגלח ביום מלאת ומביא קרבנות שהפריש אביו. וגם זו הלכה ואין לה סמך:

האיש מקדש את בתו. מקבל קדושי בתו קטנה שלא מדעתה דכתיב (דברים כ״ב:ט״ז) את בתי נתתי לאיש הזה:

האיש נסקל ערום. דכתיב (ויקרא כ״ד) ורגמו אותו, ואי אפשר לומר אותו ולא אותה, דהא כתיב (דברים י״ז) והוצאת את האיש ההוא או את האשה ההיא, אלא אותו בלא כסותו אבל אותה בכסותה:

האיש נתלה. דכתיב (שם כ״א) ותלית אותו על עץ, אותו ולא אותה:

האיש נמכר בגניבתו. דבתיב (שמות ב״ב) ונמבר בגניבתו, ולא בגניבתה:

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