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גיטין ה׳:ט׳ - ו׳:א׳

The Mishnah Yomi for Thursday, June 27, 2024 is גיטין ה׳:ט׳ - ו׳:א׳

＜ היום הקודםהיוםלמחרת ＞

משנה א

Mishnayos Gittin Perek 5 Mishnah 9

גיטין פרק ה׳ משנה ט׳

9
A woman may lend utensils to her friend who is suspect with regard to eating produce that grew in the Sabbatical Year after the time that such produce must be removed from the house and may no longer be eaten. The utensils that she may lend her include: A winnow, a sieve, a mill, and an oven. Lending her such utensils is not considered aiding in the commission of a transgression. But she may not select the grain from the chaff or grind wheat with her, i.e., she may not actively assist her in the performance of a sin. The wife of a ḥaver, one who is devoted to the meticulous observance of mitzvot, especially the halakhot of ritual purity, teruma, and tithes, may lend the wife of an am ha’aretz, one who is not scrupulous in these areas, a winnow and a sieve, and she may even select, grind, and sift with her. But once the wife of the am ha’aretz pours water into the flour, thereby rendering it susceptible to ritual impurity, the wife of the ḥaver may not touch anything with her, because one may not assist those who commit transgressions. And all of the allowances mentioned in the mishna were stated only on account of the ways of peace. And one may assist gentiles who work the land during the Sabbatical Year, but one may not assist Jews who do this. Similarly, one may extend greetings to gentiles on account of the ways of peace.
מַשְׁאֶלֶת אִשָּׁה לַחֲבֶרְתָּהּ הַחֲשׁוּדָה עַל הַשְּׁבִיעִית, נָפָה וּכְבָרָה וְרֵחַיִם וְתַנּוּר, אֲבָל לֹא תָבֹר וְלֹא תִטְחַן עִמָּהּ. אֵשֶׁת חָבֵר מַשְׁאֶלֶת לְאֵשֶׁת עַם הָאָרֶץ, נָפָה וּכְבָרָה, וּבוֹרֶרֶת וְטוֹחֶנֶת וּמַרְקֶדֶת עִמָּהּ, אֲבָל מִשֶּׁתַּטִּיל הַמַּיִם, לֹא תִגַּע עִמָּהּ, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין מַחֲזִיקִין יְדֵי עוֹבְרֵי עֲבֵרָה. וְכֻלָּן לֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם. וּמַחֲזִיקִין יְדֵי גוֹיִם בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, אֲבָל לֹא יְדֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, וְשׁוֹאֲלִין בִּשְׁלוֹמָן, מִפְּנֵי דַרְכֵי שָׁלוֹם:
ט׳
ברטנורא

החשודה על השביעית – to guard/preserve the seventh year fruit and hide them from removal [of the fruit] (in the third and sixth years of the Sabbath period) and beyond.

לא תבור ולא תטחון עמה – to assist her, since it is forbidden to help with his hands those who sin while they are sinning.

לאשת עם הארץ – who is suspect regarding tithing

ובוררת וטוחנת – since most ignoramuses do tithe

אבל משתטיל המים – in the dough

לא תגע עמה – since when she rolls it, it becomes liable for setting aside Hallah (i.e., the piece of dough taken off, thrown into the oven and burned), and she becomes defiled through impure utensils , which had become susceptible to receive impurity; and she who helps her to roll [the dough] is forbidden to cause the Hallah to become impure.

וכולן לא אמרו כו' – they did not permit them to lend utensils and assist them outside of the time of the sin itself, other than because of the ways of peace.

ומחזיקין ידי גוים – to tell them that they should strengthen their hands

ושואלים בשלומם – all the days, even on the days of their holidays, and even though he places the name of heaven on the heathen [but nevertheless] peace is one of the names of the Holy One, blessed be He.

החשודה על השביעית. לשמור פירות שביעית ולהצניעם מן הביעור ואילך:

לא תבור ולא תטחון עמה. לסייעה, מפני שאסור לסייע בידים ידי עוברי עבירה בשעת העבירה:

לאשת עם הארץ. החשודה על המעשרות:

ובוררת וטוחנת. לפי שרוב עמי הארץ מעשרים הן:

אבל משתטיל המים. בעיסה:

לא תגע עמה. לפי שמשגלגלה הוטבלה לחלה, וקא מיטמאה מחמת כלים טמאים שהרי הוכשרה לקבל טומאה, וזו מסייעתה לגלגל ואסור לגרום טומאה לחלה:

וכולן לא אמרו כו׳ לא התירו להשאילם כלים ולסייעם בלא שעת עבירה עצמה, אלא משום דרכי שלום:

ומחזיקין ידי גוים. לומר להם תחזקנה ידיכם:

ושואלים בשלומם. כל הימים ואפילו ביום חגם. ואע״פ שמטיל שם שמים על הנכרי, ששלום אחד משמותיו של הקב״ה:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Gittin Perek 6 Mishnah 1

גיטין פרק ו׳ משנה א׳

1
With regard to one who says to another: Receive this bill of divorce for my wife, or: Deliver this bill of divorce to my wife as my agent, if the husband seeks to retract his designation and cancel the agency, he can retract it until the document reaches his wife’s possession. However, in the case of a woman who said to an agent: Receive my bill of divorce for me, and the husband handed the bill of divorce to her agent, if the husband seeks to retract his decision to divorce his wife upon receipt of the bill of divorce by the agent, he cannot retract it. Once the bill of divorce is transferred to her agent, its legal status is like that of a bill of divorce that was handed directly to her, and the divorce takes effect immediately. Therefore, if the husband said to the agent whom the woman designated to receive the bill of divorce: I do not want [ee ifshi] for you to receive the bill of divorce for her; rather, deliver it and give it to her, then if the husband seeks to retract his designation and cancel the agency, he can retract it until it reaches his wife’s possession. Since the husband does not agree to have the divorce take effect upon receipt by his wife’s agent, he changes the designation of the agent and designates him as his own agent for delivery. Therefore, the divorce takes effect only when the bill of divorce reaches his wife’s possession. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: Even a woman who did not instruct the agent: Receive my bill of divorce for me but says: Take my bill of divorce for me, thereby designates the agent as an agent of receipt on her behalf. Therefore, if after handing the bill of divorce to the agent the husband seeks to retract his decision and cancel the agency, he cannot retract it.
הָאוֹמֵר הִתְקַבֵּל גֵּט זֶה לְאִשְׁתִּי אוֹ הוֹלֵךְ גֵּט זֶה לְאִשְׁתִּי, אִם רָצָה לַחֲזֹר, יַחֲזֹר. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁאָמְרָה, הִתְקַבֵּל לִי גִטִּי, אִם רָצָה לַחֲזֹר, לֹא יַחֲזֹר. לְפִיכָךְ, אִם אָמַר לוֹ הַבַּעַל, אִי אֶפְשִׁי שֶׁתְּקַבֵּל לָהּ אֶלָּא הוֹלֵךְ וְתֵן לָהּ, אִם רָצָה לַחֲזֹר, יַחֲזֹר. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אַף הָאוֹמֶרֶת טֹל לִי גִטִּי, אִם רָצָה לַחֲזֹר, לֹא יַחֲזֹר:
א׳
ברטנורא

האומר: התקבל – אם רצה לחזור יחזור – for the Jewish bill of divorce is debt that he has towards her (acting in behalf of a person to the latter’s disadvantage), and we do not do something that will do harm to a person without the other’s knowledge (see Mishnah Eruvin, Chapter 7, Mishnah 11 and Mishnah Gittin, Chapter 1, Mishnah 6).

לא יחזור – for since she made him equivalent as her agent, behold he is like her hand and and is divorced immediately when he receives from this one [i.e., the husband].

אף האומרת טול לי גיטי – this is the language of reception. And the Halakha is according to Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel.

האומר התקבל. אם רצה לחזור יחזור. דגט חוב הוא לה ואין חבין לאדם שלא מדעתו:

לא יחזור. דכיון דאיהי שויתיה שליח הרי הוא כידה ונתגרשה מיד בקבלתו של זה:

אף האומרת טול לי גיטי. לשון קבלה הוא. והלכה כרבן שמעון בן גמליאל:

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