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גיטין ז׳:ג׳ - ז׳:ד׳

The Mishnah Yomi for Tuesday, July 2, 2024 is גיטין ז׳:ג׳ - ז׳:ד׳

＜ היום הקודםהיוםלמחרת ＞

משנה א

Mishnayos Gittin Perek 7 Mishnah 3

גיטין פרק ז׳ משנה ג׳

3
If one says to his wife: This is your bill of divorce if I die, or: This is your bill of divorce if I die from this illness, or: This is your bill of divorce after my death, then it is as if he said nothing, since a bill of divorce is valid only if it takes effect before the husband’s death. But if the husband said to his wife: This is your bill of divorce from today if I die, or: This is your bill of divorce from now if I die, then this is a valid bill of divorce, because once he dies, the bill of divorce retroactively applies from when he made this statement. If the husband says to his wife: This is your bill of divorce from today and after my death, then it is uncertain whether his primary intention was for the bill of divorce to take effect that day, in which case it is a valid bill of divorce, or if his primary intention was that it should take effect after his death and is therefore not valid. The halakha is that there is uncertainty whether it is a valid bill of divorce or not a valid bill of divorce. And if he dies without children his wife must perform ḥalitza, since perhaps the bill of divorce is not valid and she is bound by the levirate bond and may not remarry without first performing ḥalitza. But she may not enter into levirate marriage, since perhaps the bill of divorce is valid, and it is prohibited for a divorcée to marry her brother-in-law. If he said: This is your bill of divorce from today if I die from this illness, and he recovered, and he arose and walked in the market, but then became ill again and died, the court assesses him. If he died because of the first illness then this is a valid bill of divorce, as his conditional statement was fulfilled, but if not, i.e., if he was cured from the first illness and died from another illness, then it is not a valid bill of divorce.
זֶה גִטֵּךְ אִם מַתִּי, זֶה גִטֵּךְ אִם מַתִּי מֵחֹלִי זֶה, זֶה גִטֵּךְ לְאַחַר מִיתָה, לֹא אָמַר כְּלוּם. מֵהַיּוֹם אִם מַתִּי, מֵעַכְשָׁיו אִם מַתִּי, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט. מֵהַיּוֹם וּלְאַחַר מִיתָה, גֵּט וְאֵינוֹ גֵט. אִם מֵת, חוֹלֶצֶת וְלֹא מִתְיַבֶּמֶת. זֶה גִטֵּךְ מֵהַיּוֹם אִם מַתִּי מֵחֹלִי זֶה, וְעָמַד וְהִלֵךְ בַּשּׁוּק וְחָלָה וּמֵת, אוֹמְדִין אוֹתוֹ, אִם מֵחֲמַת חֹלִי הָרִאשׁוֹן מֵת, הֲרֵי זֶה גֵט. וְאִם לָאו, אֵינוֹ גֵט:
ג׳
ברטנורא

זה גטך אם מתי, לא אמר כלום – that implies, when I will die, but there is no Jewish bill of divorce after death.

מחולי זה – implying – from this illness and onwards, for since he died in the midst of this illness, the Jewish bill of divorce would not take effect until after death.

מהיום ולאחר מילה גט ואינו גט – we doubt if he had made a condition to her, “from today if I die,” for when he died, the condition was fulfilled, and it follows that it was a Jewish bill of Divorce from the time he gave it [to her]; and if he retracted, it is that retracted from what he said “from today,” for he said, “after death it will be a Jewish bill of divorce,” and that is meaningless, since he did not say, “from today if I die.”

חולצת – lest it is not a Jewish bill of divorce

ולא מתיבמת – lest it was a Jewish divorce, and she would thereby the divorcee of his brother, we establish that she is subject to a prohibition which would involve extirpation [for it being violated].

זה גטך אם מתי. לא אמר כלום. דמשמע לכשאמות, ואין גט לאחר מיתה:

מחולי זה. משמע מחולי זה ואילך, וכיון שמת מתוך החולי נמצא שאין הגט חל אלא לאחר מיתה:

מהיום ולאחר מיתה גט ואינו גט. מספקא לן אי תנאה הוי מהיום אם אמות, וכיון שמת נתקיים התנאי ונמצא שהוא גט משעת נתינתו. אי חזרה הוי שחזר בו ממאי דאמר מהיום, ואמר לאחר מיתה יהא גט, ואינו כלום כיון דלא אמר מהיום אם מתי:

חולצת. שמא אינו גט:

ולא מתיבמת. שמא גט הוא והויא לה גרושת אחיו וקיימא עליה באסור כרת:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Gittin Perek 7 Mishnah 4

גיטין פרק ז׳ משנה ד׳

4
If a woman’s ill husband gave her a bill of divorce, and made a condition that it should take effect from today if he dies from his illness, then she may be secluded with him only in the presence of two witnesses, lest they end up engaging in sexual intercourse. This applies to being secluded in the presence of not only valid witnesses; it is permitted for her to be secluded with him even in the presence of a slave or even in the presence of a maidservant, except for the wife’s personal maidservant. And it is prohibited for the wife to be secluded in the presence of the latter because she is accustomed to her maidservant, and there is concern that she will engage in sexual intercourse with her husband even though the maidservant is present. What is the halakhic status of the wife during these days between when the bill of divorce was given but before the condition has been fulfilled with the death of the husband? Rabbi Yehuda says: She is like a married woman with regard to all of her matters, and she remains forbidden to other men. Rabbi Yosei says: It is uncertain whether she is divorced or whether she is not divorced.
לֹא תִתְיַחֵד עִמּוֹ אֶלָּא בִפְנֵי עֵדִים, אֲפִלּוּ עֶבֶד, אֲפִלּוּ שִׁפְחָה, חוּץ מִשִּׁפְחָתָהּ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלִּבָּהּ גַּס בָּהּ בְּשִׁפְחָתָהּ. מַה הִיא בְאוֹתָן הַיָּמִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כְּאֵשֶׁת אִישׁ לְכָל דְּבָרֶיהָ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, מְגֹרֶשֶׁת וְאֵינָהּ מְגֹרָשֶׁת:
ד׳
ברטנורא

לא תתיחד עמו – This one who gave [her] a Jewish bill of divorce and said to her, “from today if I die,” she should not be alone with him, lest that he should come up upon her and she would need a second Jewish bill of divorce, for we are concerned lest he engaged in a sexual act with her for the purposes of betrothal.

מה היא באותן הימים – This is not referring to the first part of the Mishnah, when he [i.e., the husband] says [to his wife] , “ [you will be divorced] from today if I die.” For this is surely the case that when he dies, the matter is revealed that it would be a Jewish bill of divorce from the time of the giving of [the Jewish bill of divorce] and he who comes upon her, is exempt. But when he says to her [at the time] when the Jewish bill of divorce is delivered, “this is your Jewish bill of divorce, and you will be divorced by it from the time that I am in the world, if I die,” Rabbi Yehuda thinks that this [this takes place] close to [his] death, that it is a [legitimate] bill of divorce, and before this, she is a married woman. But Rabbi Yosi holds that from when he gives her the Jewish bill of divorce, all that time, it is doubtful to us perhaps this is the time close to his death, and it is a questionable Jewish bill of divorce. And even though he lives more, there is no alternative. Therefore, it is doubtful and he who comes upon her {in a sexual act] is liable for special guilt-offering, made when in doubt as to the commission of a sinful act.

לא תתיחד עמו. זה שנתן גט ואמר לה מהיום אם מתי, לא תתייחד עמו. שמא יבא עליה ותהא צריכה גט שני, דחיישינן שמא בעל לשם קדושין:

מה היא באותן הימים. לאו ארישא קאי באומר מהיום אם מתי, דההיא ודאי לכי מיית אגלאי מלתא דהוי גט משעת נתינה, והבא עליה פטור. אלא באומר לה במסירת הגט הרי זה גטך והתגרשי בו מעת שאני בעולם אם מתי, ר׳ יהודה סבר סמוך למיתה הוא דהדי גט ומקמי הכי אשת איש היא. ור׳ יוסי סבר מכי יהיב לה גיטא כל שעתא מספקא לן דלמא זו היא שעה הסמוכה למיתה והוי גט ספק, ואע״ג דחי טפי, אין ברירה, הלכך ספיקא היא והבא עליה באשם תלוי:

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