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בבא קמא ט׳:י׳ - ט׳:י״א

The Mishnah Yomi for Tuesday, September 10, 2024 is בבא קמא ט׳:י׳ - ט׳:י״א

＜ היום הקודםהיוםלמחרת ＞

משנה א

Mishnayos Bava Kamma Perek 9 Mishnah 10

בבא קמא פרק ט׳ משנה י׳

10
In the case of one who says to his son in a vow: It is forbidden like an offering [konam], and for that reason you may not derive benefit from my property, if the father then dies the son inherits from him, because it is no longer the father’s property once he dies. The mishna continues: If the father stated in his vow that his son may not derive benefit from his property in his life and in his death, then even if the father then dies the son does not inherit from him, as the prohibition is still in effect. And instead of taking his inheritance, he returns his portion in the estate to his sons or to his brothers. And if he does not have sufficient funds to subsist without his inheritance, he borrows money in the amount of the value of his share in the inheritance and the creditors come and are repaid from his share.
הָאוֹמֵר לִבְנוֹ, קוֹנָם אִי אַתָּה נֶהֱנֶה מִשֶּׁלִּי, אִם מֵת, יִירָשֶׁנּוּ. בְּחַיָּיו וּבְמוֹתוֹ, אִם מֵת, לֹא יִירָשֶׁנּוּ, וְיַחֲזִיר לְבָנָיו אוֹ לְאֶחָיו. וְאִם אֵין לוֹ, לֹוֶה, וּבַעֲלֵי חוֹב בָּאִים וְנִפְרָעִים:
י׳
ברטנורא

ואם אין לו – [if he lacks] what he will eat, he borrows and eats, and the creditors come and recover the loan from his part of the estate. And it is not considered benefit that he pays off his debt with those money, for behold it is taught in the Mishnah in the Tractate Nedarim, Chapter 4, Mishnah 2 (Talmud Nedarim 33a) that one who has taken a vow of receiving benefit from his fellow, pays off his debt to him.

ואם אין לו. מה יאכל. לוה ואוכל. ובעלי חוב באים ונפרעים מן הירושה את חלקו. ולא חשיבא הנאה מה שפורע חובו באותם מעות, דהא תנן בנדרים [דף ל״ג] המודר הנאה מחבירו פורע לו חובו:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Bava Kamma Perek 9 Mishnah 11

בבא קמא פרק ט׳ משנה י"א

11
With regard to one who robs a convert and takes a false oath denying having done so, and then the convert dies, the robber, in order to achieve repentance, pays the principal, i.e., the stolen item or, if it is no longer extant, its monetary value, and an additional one-fifth of its value to the priests, and presents a guilt-offering to the altar, as it is stated: “But if the man has no kinsman to whom restitution may be made for the guilt, the restitution for guilt that is made shall be the Lord’s, even the priest’s; besides the ram of the atonement, whereby atonement shall be made for him” (Numbers 5:8). If the robber was bringing the money and the guilt-offering up to Jerusalem and he died before paying the priests and bringing his offering, the money shall be given to the robber’s children, and the animal designated for the guilt-offering shall graze until it becomes blemished and consequently disqualified from being sacrificed. And the animal shall then be sold and the money received for it shall be allocated for communal gift offerings.
הַגּוֹזֵל אֶת הַגֵּר וְנִשְׁבַּע לוֹ, וּמֵת, הֲרֵי זֶה מְשַׁלֵּם קֶרֶן וָחֹמֶשׁ לַכֹּהֲנִים וְאָשָׁם לַמִּזְבֵּחַ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר ה) וְאִם אֵין לָאִישׁ גֹּאֵל לְהָשִׁיב הָאָשָׁם אֵלָיו, הָאָשָׁם הַמּוּשָׁב לַה' לַכֹּהֵן, מִלְּבַד אֵיל הַכִּפֻּרִים אֲשֶׁר יְכַפֶּר בּוֹ עָלָיו. הָיָה מַעֲלֶה אֶת הַכֶּסֶף וְאֶת הָאָשָׁם, וּמֵת, הַכֶּסֶף יִנָּתֵן לְבָנָיו, וְהָאָשָׁם יִרְעֶה עַד שֶׁיִּסְתָּאֵב, וְיִמָּכֵר וְיִפְּלוּ דָמָיו לִנְדָבָה:
י"א
ברטנורא

שנאמר ואם אין לאיש גואל – for there is no man in Israel that lacks redeemers above until Jacob our Father, other than this proselyte who dies and has no inheritors.

ומת – the thief.

הכסף ינתן לבניו – of the thief, for they already became worthy of them from the death of the proselyte, But now, there is no further atonement since he (i.e., the convert) died.

והאשם ירעה – according to the law of the guilt offering whose owners have died, for we hold that where for a sin-offering, it (i.e., the animal) died, with a guilt offering, it must pasture [until it acquires a blemish, thus becoming unfit for sacrifice – and then it is sold, and its money shall fall to the Temple treasury as a donation].

עד שיסתאב – until a blemish falls upon it.

ויפלו דמיו לנדבה – for the summer-time of the altar to purchase from them burnt offerings.

שנאמר ואם אין לאיש גואל. ואין לך אדם בישראל שאין לו גואלים למעלה עד יעקב אבינו. אלא זה הגר שמת ואין לו יורשין:

ומת. הגזלן:

הכסף ינתן לבניו. של גזלן. שכבר זכה בהן ממיתת הגר, אלא דהשבה בעי למעבד כי היכי דתהוי ליה כפרה אשבועתיה, והשתא תו ליכא כפרה כיון דמית ליה:

והאשם ירעה. כדין אשם שמתו בעליו, דקיי״ל כל שבחטאת מתה באשם רועה:

עד שיסתאב. עד שיפול בו מום:

ויפלו דמיו לנדבה. לקיץ המזבח לקנות מהם עולות:

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