Keilim 14:4 - 14:5

העול של מתכת טמא – that flat metal vessels are susceptible to receive ritual impurity.

קטרב (a cross-piece in front of yoked animals or the pin fastening the ropes of the yokes to the poles) – there are two pieces of wood – from this side from the yoke and from that side from the yoke, and they are perforated, and they bring into that perforation a piece of wood which is called a קטרב, and they tie it so that they cattle will not be detached/loosened. But Maimonides explained, that a קטרב is wood hat that is stretched on the two sides of the animals, and the yoke is in the middle.

והכנפיים (wings/side pieces that hold up the straps) – they are two ends of a קטרב. From the language of על כנפי בגדיהם/”on the corners of heir garments”(Numbers 15:38) and they are of iron.

המקבלות את הרצועות – that is to say, if the ends of the קרטב were made to receive the straps, they are ritually impure, for they are considered a vessel. But if they were made for adornment, they are ritually pure, because it is metal that is servicing the wood.

והברזל שתחת צוארי בהמה – they tie iron on the necks of the animals in order that they should not choke with the cord that they tie upon it the קטרב.

הסומך (the pin for attaching the pole to the wagon – or the ring suspended from the yoke and pulled over the front end of the pole) – in the middle of the yoke there is a kind of large ring, and through it enters the head of the plough/strigil and the head of the wagon, and that ring is called a סומך.

מחגר (the rope around the neck of the animal tied to the wagon – or the prin fastening the yoke to the pole to prevent the wagon from vacillating) – a cord that they tie underneath the neck of the ox. And there are those who have the reading והמסגר (enclosure), and it is a peg that they place at the end of the yoke in order that the wagon not deteriorate/be perverted because of the length of the yoke.

תמחויות (the partitions in a wagon for freight or baggage; a cavity in the yoke) – like a kind of small dishes of the yoke and they are called תמחויות.

ענבל (clapper of a bell) – it is the iron that strikes within the body of the bell/clapper.

צנורא (hook, pin) – a hook that they insert in a load that is on the wagon so that it doesn’t fall.

ומסמר המחבר את כולם – that is to say, every nail that is made to attach the sections/links of the wagon one to the other. This excludes the nails that are not made to attach, but are only for adornment. For those do not defile.

העול המצופה – [the yoke that is plated] with iron. It is ritually pure, because it is metal that services the wood.

ושפופרות – like a kind of tube of a hollow reed that they customarily make from metal to produce sound.

והאבר – lead that they place on the side of the neck of animals for adornment.

והסובב של גלגל (the iron hoop of a wheel) – the wooden wheel of a wagon that they make surround it with iron so that it doesn’t break on crags and on rocks.

טסין – small boards. Golden plates and we translate it in Aramaic as golden plates.

סנדל בהמה של מתכות טמאין – because they are made to have the fighting men drink from them during war.

שעם (bamboo) – a kind of reed-grass/bulrushes.

הסייף מאימתי מקבל טומאה – we are speaking of a sword that was brought up rust/mold, which is ritually pure, but when is it susceptible to receive ritual defilement?

משישופנו (from when one polished it) – the goldsmith/smelter and those metal artisans who have vessels that are called הצורפים/smelters, goldsmiths in the language of Scripture, and its Aramaic translation is שופינא and they smelt and smooth the vessels that had rust come upon them to remove their rust.

משישחיזנו (from when he whetted it) – with his whetting implement of stone or wood to remove its rust.