נדרים ח׳:א׳ - ח׳:ב׳

קונם יין עד שתחשך – for such is the manner of language of human beings, for when they say, “today,” they want to say until the completion of the day.

שבת זו – he would stand in the middle of the week, and say, “this week is forbidden” – for the entire week.

והשבת לשעבר – and he is also prohibited on the sabbath day, for it is in the category of the week that past.

חודש זה אסור בכל החודש – if he is standing in the middle of the month and said, “this month,” he forbidden until the completion of the month, and the day of Rosh Hodesh of the month ahead, but it is permitted on the day of Rosh Hodesh because it is counted with the next month, and even if Rosh Hodesh is on the thirtieth [day] of the previous month. And similarly, this year, if he stood in the middle of the year and stated, “this year,” it is forbidden until the completion of the year, but it is permitted on Rosh Hashanah which is counted with the year that will come in the future.

שבוע זה – he was standing in the middle of the Shmittah year and stated, “this seven-year cycle,” he is forbidden until the completion of the Shmittah, and the seventh year is included within the Shmittah year that had passed.

אם אמר יום אחד, שבת אחת, חודש אחד, שנה אחת, שבוע אחד אסור מיום ליום – if he is standing in the middle of the day and states “one day” he is forbidden until the morrow at this time. And similarly, if he is standing in the eighth [day] of the month and stated, “[KONAM] this month is upon me,” he is forbidden until the eighth [day] of the next month. And similarly, for a year. And similarly, in the Shmittah year. And similarly, if he said, “KONAM that wine is forbidden upon me for an unspecified day, or week, or month, or unspecified year, even though he did not say “one day,” “one week,” “one month,” the law is the time of twenty-four astronomical hours. But one who says “KONAM that wine [will be forbidden] upon me today,” even though he is permitted when it it gets dark, he requires a request made to a Sage [to be released from his vow], as a decree that when he stated “today,” lest he (i.e., the Sage) come [to release him from his vow], when he stated, an unspecified day, that he switched/exchanged between “the day” to “today,” or between this week to an unspecified week. And similarly, for all of them.

עד הפסל אסור עד שיגיע – that in the language of human beings, up to but not including.

עד שיהא, אסור עד שיצא – that implies all the time which is the present.

עד לפני הפסח ר"מ אומר אסור עד שיגיע (see also Talmud Kiddushin 65a for an alternative reading in this dispute between Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Yossi)- for a person does not inject himself into a doubt, and matter that is ascertained to call “prior to Passover” is stated, and which is until it (i.e., Passover) arrives. But Rabbi Yossi holds that a person does inject himself into a doubt to prohibit all that he is able to have doubts about. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yossi.