Mishnah.org Logo

המשנה היומית של היום

כתובות ח׳:ו׳ - ח׳:ז׳

The Mishnah Yomi for Monday, November 18, 2019 is כתובות ח׳:ו׳ - ח׳:ז׳

＜ היום הקודםהיוםלמחרת ＞

משנה א

Mishnayos Kesuvos Perek 8 Mishnah 6

כתובות פרק ח׳ משנה ו׳

6
When a married man dies childless, his brother, the yavam, is obligated to perform levirate marriage or release the widow, the yevama, through a ceremony known as ḥalitza. With regard to a widow waiting for her yavam who had property bequeathed to her, Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel agree that she may sell or give this property away, and the transaction is valid. If this woman died, what should they do with her marriage contract and with the property that comes and goes with her, i.e., her usufruct property? Beit Shammai say: Since she was not yet remarried, the husband’s heirs, such as his brothers or father, divide the property with her father’s heirs. And Beit Hillel say: The property retains its previous ownership status, and therefore the marriage contract is in the possession of the husband’s heirs, as they are responsible for its payment. As for the property that comes and goes with her, it is in the possession of the heirs of the woman’s father, as it belongs to the woman.
שׁוֹמֶרֶת יָבָם שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לָהּ נְכָסִים, מוֹדִים בֵּית שַׁמַּאי וּבֵית הִלֵּל שֶׁמּוֹכֶרֶת וְנוֹתֶנֶת וְקַיָּם. מֵתָה, מַה יַּעֲשׂוּ בִכְתֻבָּתָהּ וּבַנְּכָסִים הַנִּכְנָסִין וְהַיּוֹצְאִין עִמָּהּ. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, יַחֲלֹקוּ יוֹרְשֵׁי הַבַּעַל עִם יוֹרְשֵׁי הָאָב. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, נְכָסִים בְּחֶזְקָתָן, כְּתֻבָּה בְּחֶזְקַת יוֹרְשֵׁי הַבַּעַל, נְכָסִים הַנִּכְנָסִים וְהַיּוֹצְאִים עִמָּהּ בְּחֶזְקַת יוֹרְשֵׁי הָאָב:
ו׳
ברטנורא

שנפלו לה נכסים – from her father’s house/estate while she is still a woman awaiting levirate marriage with her dead husband’s brother.

מה יעשו בכתובתה – [whether it is] a Maneh, or two-hundred and the supplement and the dowry that she brought in to him, go in with her [when she gets married], and when she goes out from her husband (i.e., gets divorced), go out with her and he has accepted upon himself surety (which may be resorted to in case of non-payment).

ובנכסים הנכנסין והיוצאין – usufruct that when she enters [into marriage], they enter with her and when she leaves from her husband, they leave with her.

בית שמאי אומרים יחלוקו יורשי הבעל עם יורשי האב – for she was doubtfully married to the levir and he takes possession of one half of her inheritance from doubt.

נכסים בחזקתן – the mort-main property are in their legal status/presumption and it is not explained in the possession of whom - if it is in the possession of the heirs of the husband, for since surety/property that may be resorted to in the event of non-payment is upon him or if [it is in the possession of] the heirs of the wife, which were hers, and in the fourth chapter of [Tractate] Yevamot (Mishnah 3), you will find this Mishnah.

שנפלו לה נכסים. מבית אביה, בעודה שומרת יבם:

מה יעשו בכתובתה. מנה ומאתים ותוספת ונדוניא שהכניסה לו וקיבל עליו אחריות:

ובנכסים הנכנסין והיוצאין. נכסי מלוג, שכשהיא נכנסת נכנסים עמה וכשיוצאת מבעלה יוצאים עמה:

בית שמאי אומרים יחלוקו יורשי הבעל עם יורשי האב. דספק נשואה ליבם היא וזוכה בחצי ירושתה מספק:

נכסים בחזקתן. נכסי צאן ברזל בחזקתן. ולא איתפרש בחזקת מי, אי בחזקת יורשי הבעל הואיל ואחריותן עליו, אי בחזקת יורשי האשה שהיו שלה. ובפ״ד מיבמות תמצא המשנה הזאת:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Kesuvos Perek 8 Mishnah 7

כתובות פרק ח׳ משנה ז׳

7
If his deceased brother left money as part of his estate, land to be used as a lien on her marriage contract is acquired with it, and the yavam consumes the produce. Similarly, if the deceased brother left produce that is detached from the ground, land is acquired with it and the yavam consumes the produce. If he left behind produce that is attached to the ground, Rabbi Meir says: One evaluates the properties to determine how much they are worth with the produce, and how much they are worth without the produce. And as for the surplus, which is the value of the produce, land is acquired with it and the yavam consumes the produce. And the Rabbis say: Produce that is attached to the ground is his. Therefore, it is not used in the purchase of land, but the yavam may eat it. As for the produce that is detached from the ground, which is not mortgaged to her marriage contract, whoever takes possession first has acquired it. If the yavam takes possession of the property first, he has acquired it and may use it as he wishes, but if she is first, land is acquired with it and he consumes the produce. After the yavam has married her, her legal status is that of his wife in every sense, except that the responsibility for payment of her marriage contract is carried out through mortgaging the property of her first husband, not that of the yavam.
הִנִּיחַ אָחִיו מָעוֹת, יִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת. פֵּרוֹת הַתְּלוּשִׁין מִן הַקַּרְקַע, יִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת. הַמְחֻבָּרִין בַּקַּרְקַע, אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר, שָׁמִין אוֹתָן כַּמָּה הֵן יָפִין בְּפֵרוֹת וְכַמָּה הֵן יָפִין בְּלֹא פֵרוֹת, וְהַמּוֹתָר, יִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, פֵּרוֹת הַמְחֻבָּרִים בַּקַּרְקַע, שֶׁלּוֹ. וְהַתְּלוּשִׁין מִן הַקַּרְקַע, כָּל הַקּוֹדֵם זָכָה בָהֶן. קָדַם הוּא, זָכָה. קָדְמָה הִיא, יִלָּקַח בָּהֶן קַרְקַע וְהוּא אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת. כְּנָסָהּ, הֲרֵי הִיא כְאִשְׁתּוֹ לְכָל דָּבָר, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁתְּהֵא כְתֻבָּתָהּ עַל נִכְסֵי בַעְלָהּ הָרִאשׁוֹן:
ז׳
ברטנורא

ילקח בהן קרקע – because her Ketubah is based upon the property of her first husband; therefore, the property of the dead is surety for her Ketubah but the levir eats from the usufruct and if he performs levirate marriage with her, and [and holds] that movable possessions are mortgaged to the Ketubah.

שמין אותם – all that grew in the domain of the dead [brother] is surety to the Ketubah.

וחכמים אומרים פירות המחוברים לקרקע שלו – In the Gemara (Tractate Ketubot 82a) it raises the question: but aren’t all his landed property a surety and a pledge for her Ketubah? And it answers (in the words of Resh Lakish): Read, “belongs to her” (the Sages’ dispute is limited to detached produce and money which, they maintain, as movables and not pledged to the Ketubah).

כל הקודם זכה – for they hold that movables are not mortgaged to the Ketubah other than if she took hold of them and we require from the lifetime of the husband is the taking hold/possession and the same law applies regarding money, for is the difference of money from detached produce, and the Halakha is according to the Sages.

הרי היא כאשתו – for when he divorces her with a Jewish bill of divorce and restores her [as his wife], and we don’t speak about (Deuteronomy 25:5): “and perform the levir’s duty,” the All-Merciful said, and still the first levirate marriages are upon her and a Jewish bill of divorce is not sufficient for her, and that is so, that she was divorced, we would say that it a Mitzvah that the All-Merciful cast upon her that when she performs it and established upon her the prohibition of the wife of a brother , and he cannot bring her back, this comes to teach us that the All-Merciful stated (Deuteronomy 25:5): “he shall take her as his wife and perform the levir’s duty.” Since he took her, she is like his wife.

ילקח בהן קרקע. לפי שכתובתה על נכסי בעלה הראשון, לפיכך נכסי המת אחראין לכתובתה אלא שהיבם אוכל פירות אם מיבם אותה, וסבר מטלטלי משתעבדי לכתובה:

שמין אותם. דכל מה שגדל ברשות המת אחראין לכתובה:

וחכמים אומרים פירות המחוברים לקרקע שלו. בגמרא פריך, והא כל נכסיו אחראין וערבאין לכתובה, ומשני, תני שלה:

כל הקודם זכה. קסברי, מטלטלי לכתובה לא משתעבדי אא״כ תפסה. ומחיים דבעל בעינן תפיסה. והוא הדין נמי דפליגי אכספים, דמאי שנא כספים מפירות תלושין. והלכה כחכמים:

הרי היא כאשתו. שמגרשה בגט, ומחזירה. ולא אמרינן ויבמה אמר רחמנא ועדיין יבומין ראשונים עליה ולא תסגי לה בגט. והכי נמי כשגירשה הוה אמינא מצוה דרמיא רחמנא עליה הא קעבדה, ותיקו עליה באיסור אשת אח ולא מצי להחזירה, קמ״ל דאמר רחמנא (דברים כ״ה:ה׳) ולקחה לו לאשה, כיון שלקחה הרי היא כאשתו:

שאלות נפוצות על משנה יומית

עדיין יש לכם שאלה? צרו קשר