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פסחים ט׳:ח׳ - ט׳:ט׳

The Mishnah Yomi for Saturday, August 29, 2020 is פסחים ט׳:ח׳ - ט׳:ט׳

＜ היום הקודםהיוםלמחרת ＞

משנה א

Mishnayos Pesachim Perek 9 Mishnah 8

פסחים פרק ט׳ משנה ח׳

8
In the case of a Paschal lamb that was intermingled with other offerings, such as guilt-offerings and burnt-offerings, and it is not known which animal was separated for which offering, all of them are left to graze until they develop a blemish and become unfit; and they are then sold, and with the proceeds of the choicest of them he must bring this type of sacrifice, and with the proceeds of the choicest of them he must bring this other type of sacrifice, meaning that he must purchase one of each type of sacrifice that was intermingled at the value of the most expensive animal in the group. And he loses the difference from his own pocket. Not all the offerings were as expensive as the most valuable animal in the group, yet he must purchase an animal for each type of offering for the value of the most expensive animal in the group. If a Paschal lamb was intermingled with firstborn animals, Rabbi Shimon says: If those whose offerings became mixed together were groups of priests, they may eat all of the animals on Passover night. This is because priests are permitted to eat the meat of a firstborn animal, and the slaughter and other services for a firstborn animal are the same as those for a Paschal lamb. The attending priests should state that they intend to sacrifice as a Paschal lamb whichever animal is the Paschal lamb and to sacrifice as a firstborn animal whichever animal is a firstborn.
הַפֶּסַח שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב בִּזְבָחִים, כֻּלָּן יִרְעוּ עַד שֶׁיִּסְתָּאֲבוּ, וְיִמָּכְרוּ, וְיָבִיא בִדְמֵי הַיָּפֶה שֶׁבָּהֶן מִמִּין זֶה, וּבִדְמֵי הַיָּפֶה שֶׁבָּהֶן מִמִּין זֶה, וְיַפְסִיד הַמּוֹתָר מִבֵּיתוֹ. נִתְעָרֵב בִּבְכוֹרוֹת, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אִם חֲבוּרַת כֹּהֲנִים, יֹאכֵלוּ:
ח׳
ברטנורא

הפסח שנתערב – three lambs, one of the Passover offering, one of a guilt-offering and one of a burnt offering, that were confused, all of them should be sent out to pasture until they suffer a blemish.

ויביא בדמי היפה שבהן – a burnt offering since perhaps the burnt offering was the best [of them]. And with the money from the best of them is a guilt offering for perhaps the best [of them] was a guilt offering, and with the money of the best of them was a Passover offering, if the Passover offering was first, all of them are to be set out to pasture, but if after the Passover offering they were set out to practice, he should bring them (i.e., the replacement lambs) for peace offerings since it is possible that the best of them was the Passover offering. And that difference in cost that it is necessary to add on to the other two until they reach the price of the best, he loses from his own [funds]. And how does he do it? If the best of them (i.e., of the three) was worth a Sela, he brings three Sela from his home (i.e., his own pocket) and takes the one Sela and says: In every place where it is a burnt offering, it is redeemed with by this Sela, and he brings from it a burnt offering. And he takes the second Sela and says: Every place where it is a guilt offering, it is redeemed by this Sela, and he brings this guilt offering for it, and similarly for the peace offering.

נתערב הפסח בכבורות – for the giving of them worth (i.e. for firstlings) and the worth of the Passover offering are similar.

ר' שמעון אומר אם חבורת כהנים יאכלו – all of them at that evening, for the firstlings are fed to the Priests. And he should offer the Passover offering for the sake of the Passover in every place where he is, and the offering of the Firstlings, in every place where they are at, and even though they are lessened at the time of the consumption of the firstling, for the firstling is eaten for two days and one night and now, we don’t eat it other than until midnight like the time [for the eating] of the Passover offering, and it is found that they would bring holy things into a house of impurity; Rabbi Shimon holds that one can bring holy things to the house of impurity; but the Rabbis dispute this and say that they should all be sent out to pasture until they become unclean and he should bring the money from the cost of the best of them as we have mentioned concerning the Passover offering that was mixed with the animal offerings. And the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon.

הפסח שנתערב. שלשה טלאים, אחד של פסח ואחד של אשם ואחד של עולה, שנתערבו. כולן ירעו עד שיסתאבו:

ויביא בדמי היפה שבהן. עולה דשמא היפה עולה היה. ובדמי היפה שבהן אשם דשמא היפה אשם היה. ובדמי היפה שבהן פסח אם קודם הפסח נסתאבו כולן, ואם לאחר הפסח נסתאבו יביאם לשלמים דשמא היפה פסח היה. ואותו מותר שצריך להוסיף על הב׳ עד שיגיעו לדמי היפה, יפסיד משלו. וכיצד עושה, אם היפה שבהן שוה סלע, מביא ג׳ סלעים מביתו ונוטל הסלע האחד ואומר, כל מקום שהיא העולה הרי היא מחוללת על סלע זו, ויביא ממנו עולה. ונוטל הסלע הב׳ ואומר, כל מקום שהוא אשם הרי הוא מחולל על סלע זו, ויביא בו אשם. וכן לשלמים:

נתערב הפסח בבכורות. שמתן דמם ודם הפסח שוה:

ר׳ שמעון אומר אם חבורת כהנים יאכלו. כולן בו בלילה, שהבכור נאכל לכהנים. ויקרב פסח לשם פסח בכ״מ שהוא, ובכורות לשם בכורות בכל מקום שהן, ואף ע״פ שהן ממעטין בזמן אכילת הבכור, שהבכור נאכל לשני ימים ולילה אחד ועכשיו אין אוכלין אותו אלא עד חצות כזמן הפסח ונמצאו מביאין קדשים לבית הפסול, ר״ש סבר שיכולין להביא קדשים לבית הפסול, ורבנן פליגי עליה ואמרי ירעו כולן עד שיסתאבו ויביא מעות בדמי היפה שבהן כדאמרן בפסח שנתערב בזבחים. ואין הלכה כר״ש:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Pesachim Perek 9 Mishnah 9

פסחים פרק ט׳ משנה ט׳

9
With regard to a group whose Paschal lamb was lost, and they said to one member of the group: Go and search for our Paschal lamb, and when you find it, slaughter it on our behalf; and he went and found the missing offering and slaughtered it on behalf of the entire group, but in the meantime they took a different animal and slaughtered it as a Paschal lamb, the halakha is as follows: If his Paschal lamb was slaughtered first, he eats from his offering, as he is considered to be registered specifically for that offering, and they eat with him from his offering, because he included them in his offering and it belongs to the entire group. The second animal does not have any registrants and is therefore burned. And if theirs was slaughtered first, they eat from theirs because they withdrew from the original offering through the act of slaughtering a replacement, and he eats from his because he was not registered for the replacement offering sacrificed by the remainder of his group. And if it is not known which of the offerings was slaughtered first, or if both the group and the individual slaughtered them together, he eats from his and they do not eat with him in case theirs was slaughtered first, and theirs must be taken out to the place designated for burning. The offering slaughtered by the group may not be eaten due to the concern that it was slaughtered second and the members of the group would therefore have been included in the first offering. However, they are exempt from performing the offering of the Paschal lamb on the second Pesaḥ, because they were included in the slaughter of whichever animal was slaughtered first. It is only due to external circumstances that they cannot complete the mitzva by eating the Paschal lamb, and this does not prevent them from fulfilling their obligation. A somewhat different case of a lost Paschal lamb would occur if the group had sent one member as an agent to search for the lost animal, and the agent said to the other members of the group before he left: If I am late, go and slaughter a Paschal lamb for me. He then went and found the lost Paschal lamb and slaughtered it, and they took another animal and slaughtered it as a Paschal lamb. In that case, if theirs was slaughtered first, they eat from theirs and he eats with them, because he requested to be included in their offering and they registered him for their Paschal lamb. And if his was slaughtered first, he eats from his and they eat from theirs, because the fact that they slaughtered a different animal indicates that they have withdrawn from the original offering. And if it is not known which of the animals was slaughtered first, or if both the group and the individual slaughtered them together, they eat from theirs because they definitely withdrew from the original offering by slaughtering a different one, and he does not eat with them because he also intended to be included in the animal he slaughtered and it is not clear which was slaughtered first. Therefore, his must be taken out to the place designated for burning; and he is exempt from performing the sacrifice of the Paschal lamb on the second Pesaḥ. If he said to them that if he is delayed they should include him in their Paschal lamb, and they said to him that if he finds the original offering he should slaughter it on their behalf, all of them eat from the first sacrifice that was slaughtered. And if it is not known which of them was slaughtered first, both of them must be taken out to the place designated for burning, and the entire group is exempt from participating in the Paschal lamb on the second Pesaḥ. If he did not say anything to them and they did not say anything to him, meaning that neither side granted the other authority to slaughter a Paschal lamb on its behalf, they are not responsible for each other, and the members of the group eat their Paschal lamb while the individual sent to find the lost animal eats from his own offering. The reason for this is that the individual is registered only for the original offering, while the other members of the group withdrew from that lost offering by sacrificing a different Paschal lamb.
חֲבוּרָה שֶׁאָבַד פִּסְחָהּ, וְאָמְרָה לְאֶחָד, צֵא וּבַקֵּשׁ וּשְׁחֹט עָלֵינוּ, וְהָלַךְ וּמָצָא וְשָׁחַט, וְהֵם לָקְחוּ וְשָׁחֲטוּ, אִם שֶׁלּוֹ נִשְׁחַט רִאשׁוֹן, הוּא אוֹכֵל מִשֶּׁלּוֹ, וְהֵם אוֹכְלִים עִמּוֹ מִשֶּׁלּוֹ, וְאִם שֶׁלָּהֶן נִשְׁחַט רִאשׁוֹן, הֵם אוֹכְלִין מִשֶּׁלָּהֶן, וְהוּא אוֹכֵל מִשֶּׁלּוֹ. וְאִם אֵינוֹ יָדוּעַ אֵיזֶה מֵהֶן נִשְׁחַט רִאשׁוֹן, אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁחֲטוּ שְׁנֵיהֶן כְּאֶחָד, הוּא אוֹכֵל מִשֶּׁלּוֹ, וְהֵם אֵינָם אוֹכְלִים עִמּוֹ, וְשֶׁלָּהֶן יֵצֵא לְבֵית הַשְּׂרֵפָה, וּפְטוּרִין מִלַּעֲשׂוֹת פֶּסַח שֵׁנִי. אָמַר לָהֶן, אִם אֵחַרְתִּי, צְאוּ וְשַׁחֲטוּ עָלָי. הָלַךְ וּמְצָאוֹ, וְשָׁחַט, וְהֵן לָקְחוּ וְשָׁחֲטוּ, אִם שֶׁלָּהֶן נִשְׁחַט רִאשׁוֹן, הֵן אוֹכְלִין מִשֶּׁלָּהֶן, וְהוּא אוֹכֵל עִמָּהֶן. וְאִם שֶׁלּוֹ נִשְׁחַט רִאשׁוֹן, הוּא אוֹכֵל מִשֶּׁלּוֹ, וְהֵן אוֹכְלִין מִשֶּׁלָּהֶן. וְאִם אֵינוֹ יָדוּעַ אֵיזֶה מֵהֶם נִשְׁחַט רִאשׁוֹן, אוֹ שֶׁשָּׁחֲטוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם כְּאֶחָד, הֵן אוֹכְלִין מִשֶּׁלָּהֶן, וְהוּא אֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל עִמָּהֶן, וְשֶׁלּוֹ יֵצֵא לְבֵית הַשְּׂרֵפָה, וּפָטוּר מִלַּעֲשׂוֹת פֶּסַח שֵׁנִי. אָמַר לָהֶן וְאָמְרוּ לוֹ, אוֹכְלִין כֻּלָּם מִן הָרִאשׁוֹן. וְאִם אֵין יָדוּעַ אֵיזֶה מֵהֶן נִשְׁחַט רִאשׁוֹן, שְׁנֵיהֶם יוֹצְאִין לְבֵית הַשְּׂרֵפָה. לֹא אָמַר לָהֶן וְלֹא אָמְרוּ לוֹ, אֵינָן אַחֲרָאִין זֶה לָזֶה:
ט׳
ברטנורא

צא ובקש – that which was lost and slaughter it for us.

אם שלו נשחט ראשון – since for they said to him: “slaughter for us,” upon his they are counted/registered and theirs should be burned, for it is a Passover offering without owners and everyone eats from his (i.e., the individual’s).

ואם שלהן נשחט ראשון – he (i.e., the individual) eats from his own, for he was not counted/registered on theirs , and they eat from their own, for they retracted themselves from the lost [Passover] offering and they had withdrawn their hands from it.

והן אינן אוכלין עמו – for perhaps theirs was slaughter first and they withdrew their hands from this one.

ושלהן יצא לבית השריפה – for perhaps his was slaughter first and they were not counted/registered on the second [one].

ופטורין מפסח שני – for whichever way you turn, they were counted with the first, and the eating [of it] is not indispensable.

אמר להן – that individual who went to search out the lost [Passover sacrifice], if I was late, count me/register me with you and slaughter it on my behalf. And they did not say to him, slaughter it for us.

הוא אוכל עמהן – and his [sacrifice] is burnt, since he was counted/registered with theirs, for he was withdrawn from the first and he retracted from his agency.

ושלו יצא לבית השריפה – perhaps theirs was slaughtered first and he was withdrawn [from his own for they] were made agents [for him].

ופטור מפסח שני – for whichever way you turn, he was counted with the first, and the eating [of it] is not indispensable.

אמר להן – slaughter for me, if I was late.

ואמרו לו – he requested that he should slaughter for us.

יאכלו כולם מן הראשון – and he is their agent and they are his agents.

ואם אין ידוע איזה ראשון שניהם ישרפו – and they are exempt from the Second Passover [offering].

אינן חייבין באחריות זה לזה – they have claim on each other, and we should not worry which was first, but he eats from his own and they eat from their own.

צא ובקש. את האבוד ושחוט עלינו:

אם שלו נשחט ראשון. הואיל והם אמרו לו שחוט עלינו על שלו הם נמנים ושלהם ישרף, דפסח בלא בעלים הוא ואוכלין כולם משלו:

ואם שלהן נשחט ראשון. הוא אוכל משלו, שהרי לא נמנה על שלהן. והן אוכלין משלהן, שהרי חזרו בהן מן האבוד ומשכו ידיהן ממנו:

והן אינן אוכלין עמו. שמא שלהן נשחט ראשון ומשכו ידיהן מזה:

ושלהן יצא לבית השריפה. שמא שלו נשחט ראשון ואין נמנין על השני:

ופטורין מפסח שני. דממה נפשך בראשון נמנו, ואכילה לא מעכבת:

אמר להן. אותו היחיד שהלך לבקש את האבוד, אם אחרתי תמנוני עמכם ושחטו עלי. והם לא אמרו לו שחוט עלינו:

הוא אוכל עמהן. ושלו ישרף. כיון שהמנוהו על שלהן הרי נמשך מן הראשון וחזר בו משליחותו:

ושלו יצא לבית השריפה. שמא שלהן נשחט ראשון ונמשך [משלו, שהרי] עשאן שלוחין:

ופטור מפסח שני. דממה נפשך בראשון נמנה, ואכילה לא מעכבת:

אמר להן. שחטו עלי אם אחרתי:

ואמרו לו. בקש ושחוט עלינו:

יאכלו כולם מן הראשון. דהוא שלוחם והם שלוחיו:

ואם אין ידוע איזה ראשון שניהם ישרפו. ופטורים מפסח שני:

אינן חייבין באחריות זה לזה. אין להם טענה זה על זה. אין חוששין איזה ראשון, אלא הוא אוכל משלו, והן אוכלין משלהן:

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