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פסחים ט׳:ד׳ - ט׳:ה׳

The Mishnah Yomi for Monday, August 31, 2020 is פסחים ט׳:ד׳ - ט׳:ה׳

＜ היום הקודםהיוםלמחרת ＞

משנה א

Mishnayos Pesachim Perek 9 Mishnah 4

פסחים פרק ט׳ משנה ד׳

4
When the Paschal lamb is sacrificed in a state of ritual impurity due to the fact that the majority of the Jewish people are ritually impure, zavim, and zavot, and menstruating women, and women after childbirth may not eat it, because the Paschal lamb overrides only ritual impurity imparted by a corpse, but it does not override other forms of ritual impurity. However, if they violated the halakha and ate from the offering, they are exempt from karet. One who eats sacrificial food in a state of ritual impurity is generally liable to receive karet; however, since in this case the offering is sacrificed in a state of ritual impurity, there is no punishment of karet even for ritually impure individuals who are not permitted to eat it. And Rabbi Eliezer exempts these individuals from karet even for entering the Temple in a state of ritual impurity, despite their not being permitted to enter, because people who are impure due to ritual impurity imparted by a corpse are permitted to enter the Temple in this situation despite their impurity.
הַפֶּסַח שֶׁבָּא בְטֻמְאָה, לֹא יֹאכְלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ זָבִין וְזָבוֹת נִדּוֹת וְיוֹלְדוֹת. וְאִם אָכְלוּ, פְּטוּרִים מִכָּרֵת. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר פּוֹטֵר אַף עַל בִּיאַת מִקְדָּשׁ:
ד׳
ברטנורא

לא יאכלו ממנו זבין – for concerning someone who is defiled by reason of a corpse, it is written (Numbers 9:10): "איש כי יהיה טמא לנפש" /”you...who are defiled by a corpse,” and we interpret from it – that an individual (if unclean on Passover) is suspended (i.e., postpones the celebration) until the Second Passover, but not the community (see Talmud Pesahim 66b) (but concerning a woman suffering from gonorrhea, even the community postpones)

ואם אכלו פטורים מכרת – for a person who eats holy things while his body is impure, as it is written (Leviticus 7:19): “Only he who is clean may eat such flesh.” And near it (verse 20): “But a person who, in a state of uncleanness, eats flesh from the LORD’s sacrifices of well-being, that person shall be cut off from his kin,” meat that is eaten by those who are pure; those who are unclean are liable because of their uncleanness, and is not eaten by the clean, such as the Passover sacrifice that comes with uncleanness, the impure are liable for it because of their uncleanness.

אף על ביאת מקדש – it exempts the men and women afflicted with gonorrhea if they entered in the Temple pure, and the Passover offering is suspended/postponed, because of the uncleanness, as it is written (Numbers 5:2): “[Instruct the Israelites] to remove from camp anyone with an eruption or a discharge and anyone defiled by a corpse.” At the time that those who are defiled by a corpse are sent out, those suffering with gonorrhea and lepers are sent out; if those who are defiled by a corpse are not sent out, those suffering with gonorrhea and lepers are not sent out. And the first Tanna does not explain the verse in this manner, since all of them need their portions from their gifts. And the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer.

לא יאכלו ממנו זבין. דגבי טמא לנפש כתיב איש, דדרשינן מיניה איש נדחה ואין צבור נדחין, (אבל גבי זיבה אף ציבור נידחין):

ואם אכלו פטורים מכרת. דאוכל קדשים בטומאת הגוף דכתיב (ויקרא ז׳:י״ט-כ׳) כל טהור יאכל בשר, וסמיך ליה והנפש אשר תאכל בשר כו׳ וטומאתו עליו ונכרתה, בשר הנאכל לטהורים, טמאים חייבין עליו משום טומאה, ושאינו נאכל לטהורים כגון פסח הבא בטומאה, אין טמאין חייבין עליו משום טומאה:

אף על ביאת מקדש. פוטר הזבין והזבות אם נכנסו למקדש פטורים, כשהפסח נדחה מפני הטומאה, דכתיב (במדבר ח) וישלחו מן המחנה כל צרוע וכל זב וכל טמא לנפש, בזמן שטמאי מתים משתלחין זבין ומצורעים משתלחין, אין טמאי מתים משתלחין אין זבין ומצורעים משתלחין. ותנא קמא לא דריש לקרא להכי, דכולהו אצטריכו לחלקם ממחנותיהם. ואין הלכה כר״א:

משנה ב

Mishnayos Pesachim Perek 9 Mishnah 5

פסחים פרק ט׳ משנה ה׳

5
What are the differences between the Paschal lamb that the Jewish people offered in Egypt and the Paschal lamb offered in all later generations? The Paschal lamb the Jewish people offered in Egypt had to be taken from the tenth of the month of Nisan and required the people to sprinkle its blood with a bundle of hyssop, unlike the Paschal lamb in all later years, and its blood was also sprinkled upon the lintel and the two doorposts, and it was eaten with haste; in addition, the Paschal lamb in Egypt was only on one night, whereas the Paschal lamb throughout the generations is observed for seven days.
מַה בֵּין פֶּסַח מִצְרַיִם לְפֶסַח דּוֹרוֹת, פֶּסַח מִצְרַיִם מִקָּחוֹ מִבֶּעָשׂוֹר, וְטָעוּן הַזָּאָה בַאֲגֻדַּת אֵזוֹב עַל הַמַּשְׁקוֹף וְעַל שְׁתֵּי מְזוּזוֹת, וְנֶאֱכָל בְּחִפָּזוֹן בְּלַיְלָה אֶחָד, וּפֶסַח דּוֹרוֹת נוֹהֵג כָּל שִׁבְעָה:
ה׳
ברטנורא

לילה אחד. ופסח דורות נוהג כל שבעה – Our Mishnah is deficient and it should be read as follows: and it is eaten in haste in one night and its fermentation/leavening all day, but the Passover for all generations its fermentation/leavening is for all seven days, for in the Passover of Egypt, it is written (Leviticus 13:3-4): “No leavened bread shall be eaten. You go free on this day [in the month of Abib],” we call it that he should not eat leavened products only on the day when you leave Egypt.

לילה אחד ופסח דורות נוהג כל שבעה. מתניתין חסורי מחסרא והכי קתני, ונאכל בחפזון בלילה אחד וחמוצו כל היום ופסח דורות חמוצו נוהג כל שבעה, דבפסח מצרים כתיב (שמות י״ג:ג׳-ד׳) ולא יאכל חמץ היום אתם יוצאים, קרי ביה ולא יאכל חמץ היום שאתם יוצאים בלבד:

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