ื ืคืชื— ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
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ืคืจืง ื’ืณ

Mishnayos Oholos Perek 3 Mishnah 7

ืื”ืœื•ืช ืคืจืง ื’ืณ ืžืฉื ื” ื–ืณ

7
[An object] one handbreadth square and one handbreadth high conveys uncleanness and blocks uncleanness. How does it [block uncleanness]? In the case of a covered drain beneath a house, if it has a space a handbreadth wide and its outlet was a handbreadth wide, and there is uncleanness inside it, the house remains clean; And when there is uncleanness in the house, that which is within [the drain] remains clean, for the manner of the uncleanness is to go out and not to go in. If it had a space one handbreadth wide but its outlet was not one handbreadth wide, when there is uncleanness in it, the house becomes unclean; But when there is uncleanness in the house, that which is within it remains clean, for the manner of the uncleanness is to go out and not to go in. If it did not have a space one handbreadth wide and its outlet was not one handbreadth wide, when there is uncleanness within it, the house becomes unclean; And when there is uncleanness in the house, it [also] becomes unclean. It makes no difference if the cavity was carved out by water or by a sheretz or if it had been eaten out by salt. And similarly [if it is in] a row of stones or a pile of beams. Rabbi Judah says: any "tent" not made by a person is not considered a tentโ€™. But he agrees that crevices and crags [can be considered as โ€˜tentsโ€™].
ื˜ึถืคึทื— ืขึทืœ ื˜ึถืคึทื— ืขึทืœ ืจื•ึผื ื˜ึถืคึทื—, ืžึฐืจึปื‘ึผึธืข, ืžึตื‘ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื”ึทื˜ึผึปืžึฐืึธื”, ื•ึฐื—ื•ึนืฆึตืฅ ื‘ึผึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทื˜ึผึปืžึฐืึธื”. ื›ึผึตื™ืฆึทื“. ื‘ึผึดื™ื‘ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืงึธืžื•ึผืจ ืชึผึทื—ึทืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช, ื™ึถืฉื ื‘ึผื•ึน ืคื•ึนืชึตื—ึท ื˜ึถืคึทื— ื•ึฐื™ึตืฉื ื‘ึผึดื™ืฆึดื™ืึธืชื•ึน ืคึผื•ึนืชึตื—ึท ื˜ึถืคึทื—, ื˜ึปืžึฐืึธื” ื‘ึฐืชื•ึนื›ื•ึน, ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื˜ึธื”ื•ึนืจ. ื˜ึปืžึฐืึธื” ื‘ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช, ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ื•ึน ื˜ึธื”ื•ึนืจ, ืฉืึถื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึทื˜ึผึปืžึฐืึธื” ืœึธืฆึตืืช ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึผึธื”ึผ ืœึฐื”ึดื›ึผึธื ึตืก. ื™ึถืฉื ื‘ึผื•ึน ืคื•ึนืชึตื—ึท ื˜ึถืคึทื— ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึดื™ืฆึดื™ืึธืชื•ึน ืคื•ึนืชึตื—ึท ื˜ึถืคึทื—, ื”ึทื˜ึผึปืžึฐืึธื” ื‘ึฐืชื•ึนื›ื•ึน, ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื˜ึธืžึตื. ื˜ึปืžึฐืึธื” ื‘ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช, ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ื•ึน ื˜ึธื”ื•ึนืจ, ืฉืึถื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึทื˜ึผึปืžึฐืึธื” ืœึธืฆึตืืช ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ื“ึผึทืจึฐื›ึผึธื”ึผ ืœึฐื”ึดื›ึผึธื ึตืก. ืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผื•ึน ืคื•ึนืชึตื—ึท ื˜ึถืคึทื— ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึดื™ืฆึดื™ืึธืชื•ึน ืคื•ึนืชึตื—ึท ื˜ึถืคึทื—, ื˜ึปืžึฐืึธื” ื‘ึฐืชื•ึนื›ื•ึน, ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื˜ึธืžึตื. ื˜ึปืžึฐืึธื” ื‘ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช, ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ื•ึน ื˜ึธืžึตื. ืึถื—ึธื“ ื—ื•ึนืจ ืฉืึถื—ึฒืจึธืจื•ึผื”ื•ึผ ืžึทื™ึดื ืื•ึน ืฉืึฐืจึธืฆึดื™ื, ืื•ึน ืฉืึถืึฒื›ึธืœึทืชึผื•ึผ ืžึทืœึผึทื—ึทืช, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืžึดืจึฐื‘ึผึธืšึฐ ืฉืึถืœ ืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืกึฐื•ึธืืจ ืฉืึถืœ ืงื•ึนืจื•ึนืช. ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ืื•ึนืžึตืจ, ื›ึผึธืœ ืึนื”ึถืœ ืฉืึถืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผื™ ื‘ึผึดื™ื“ึตื™ ืึธื“ึธื, ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืึนื”ึถืœ. ื•ึผืžื•ึนื“ึถื” ื‘ึดืฉืึฐืงึดื™ืคึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึดืกึฐืœึธืขึดื™ื:
ื–ืณ
ื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื

ื˜ืคื— ืขืœ ื˜ืคื— ืขืœ ืจื•ื ื˜ืคื— โ€“ a board/plank which is a handbreadth wide by a handbreadth [long] and above from the ground a handbreadth, and overshadows over an oliveโ€™s bulk of a corpse or on vessels, brings the defilement on to the vessels.

ืžืจื•ื‘ืข โ€“ that if its width was less than that of a handbreadth, even though its length was two handbreadths, we donโ€™t say โ€“ place what remains from its length upon its width and make it quadrilateral. For this, it (i.e., the Mishnah) teaches "ืžืจื•ื‘ืข"/cubic, that there must be in its width a handbreadth and in its length a handbreadth.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ โ€“ meaning to say, how does it interpose before the defilement/uncleanness?

ื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืžื•ืจ (a drain/pipe/gutter which is arched) โ€“ digging in the ground and its foundation, that is arched and there the waste-water (i.e., that which is poured in the gutter) that is in the house descends and from there exits to the public domain.

ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืคื•ื—ืช ื˜ืคื— โ€“ that is a handbreadth by a handbreadth at the depth of a handbreadth in the drain/gutter itself.

ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• โ€“ in the opening of the drain/gutter that from it the waters go out to the public domain.

ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• โ€“ if there is an oliveโ€™s bulk from the corpse within the drain, for the oliveโ€™s bulk from the corpse its opening is with a handbreadth.

ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื˜ื”ื•ืจ โ€“ that the defilement/uncleanness leaves through the opening of the drain that goes out to the public domain. And this is what is taught [in the Mishnah]: "ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื”"/interposes before the uncleanness.

ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื‘ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ โ€“ for there is no path for the uncleanness to bring it in through the opening of the drain, for the path of the uncleanness is to remove it through the opening of the house but not to bring it into the drain.

ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืคื•ืชื— ื˜ืคื— ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื˜ืžื โ€“ for the uncleanness/defilement goes up from the drain to the house since it lacks a path to leave through the opening of the drain that goes out to the public domain, for all that is less than a handbreadth the defilement/uncleanness does not leave.

ืื™ืŸ ืคื• ืคื•ืชื— ื˜ืคื— ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืคื•ื—ืช ื˜ืคื— โ€“ it is is taken for naught for there isnโ€™t in its outlet an opening of a handbreadth, for since it lacks an opening of a handbreadth, on its outlet we are not concerned,, for it is as if there is like there is no cavity at all and the drain is considered like the ground of the house, and the Sages stated: All that is in the tent will be defiled, including the bottom/ground of the house which is like it until the depth/interior of the earth.

ืื—ื“ ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื—ืจืจื•ื”ื• ืžื™ื โ€“ this that is open a handbreadth that brings the defilement/uncleanness, there is no difference if this hole was made through the water or that reptiles/insect perforated it.

ืื• ืฉืื›ืœืชื• ืžืœื—ืช (or a cave formed through saline corrosion) โ€“ the language of )Jeremiah 17:6): โ€œIn a barren land without inhabitant.โ€ It is like white dust similar to salt and it consumes and falls and makes a hole on its own.

ืžืจื‘ืš ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื (an irregular pile of large stones) โ€“ large stones that are arranged and set up one on the other. But sometimes it is arranged on two [stones] and the lower ones are separated from each other and there is a tent [overshadowing] a handbreadth.

ืกื•ืืจ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืจื•ืช (a pile/frame of beams) โ€“ beams that are set up on top of the other that stand ready for building, but sometimes there is between them a tent overshadowing a handbreadth.

ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืื•ื”ืœ โ€“ which we derive through an analogy/Gezerah Shavah from [the comparison of the usage of the word] ืื•ื”ืœ (Numbers 19;14: "ื–ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื“ื ื›ื™ ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื”ืœ"/This is the ritual: When a person dies in a tentโ€) and ืื•ื”ืœ (Exodus 40:19; "ื•ื™ืคืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืื•ื”ืœ ืขืœ-ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ"/He spread the tent over the Tabernacleโ€), just as there (in the Tabernacle) it was done at the hands of a person, so also here (regarding the defilement of the corpse) at the hands of man.

ื‘ืฉืงื™ืคื™ื (clefts) โ€“ It is the Aramaic translation of (Isaiah 57:5): โ€œAmong/under the clefts of the rocks,โ€ the clefts of the rocks

ื•ื‘ืกืœืขื™ื โ€“ in the clefts of the stones/rocks, and the ืฉืงื™ืคื™ and ื ืงื™ืงื™ ื”ืกืœืขื™ื are one and the same, but one was made through the rain and the other was made on its own. But even though they were not made at the hands of man Rabbi Yehuda agrees/accepts them, for he does not derive the Gezerah Shavah/analogy of โ€œtentโ€/โ€tentโ€ from the Tabernacle (see above) but rather for an opening to be handbreadth alone, but more than a handbreadth, such as a fistful, we stated in [Tractate] Sukkah [at the beginning of] the chapter "ื”ื™ืฉืŸ"/He who sleeps (Chapter 2 โ€“ folio 20b at the bottom and folio 22a at the top). For Rabbi Yehuda agrees that even if it was made of its own, it brings the uncleanness. And similarly with clefts and rocks. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.

ื˜ืคื— ืขืœ ื˜ืคื— ืขืœ ืจื•ื ื˜ืคื—. ื“ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื—ื‘ ื˜ืคื— ืขืœ ื˜ืคื— ื•ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ื˜ืคื—, ื•ืžืื”ื™ืœ ืขืœ ื›ื–ื™ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื, ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื:

ืžืจื•ื‘ืข. ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ืจื—ื‘ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื˜ืคื— ืืขืดืค ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืจื›ื• ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืคื—ื™ื, ืœื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ื ืžื” ืฉื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ืืจื›ื• ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื• ื•ืจื‘ืขื”ื•, ืœื”ื›ื™ ืงืชื ื™ ืžืจื•ื‘ืข, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื• ื˜ืคื— ื•ื‘ืืจื›ื• ื˜ืคื—:

ื›ื™ืฆื“. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื”:

ื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืžื•ืจ. ื—ืคื™ืจื” ื‘ืงืจืงืข ื•ืžืงื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืงืžื•ืจ, ื•ืฉื ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืฉื•ืคื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื:

ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืคื•ืชื— ื˜ืคื—. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื˜ืคื— ืขืœ ื˜ืคื— ื‘ืจื•ื ื˜ืคื— ื‘ื‘ื™ื‘ ืขืฆืžื•:

ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื•. ื‘ืคืชื— ื”ื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉืžืžื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื:

ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•. ื›ื–ื™ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ื‘. ื“ื›ื–ื™ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืช ืคืชื—ื• ื‘ื˜ืคื—:

ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื˜ื”ื•ืจ. ืฉื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื™ื•ืฆืื” ื“ืจืš ืคืชื— ื”ื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืงืชื ื™ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื”:

ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ื‘ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ. ื“ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื“ืจืš ืคืชื— ื”ื‘ื™ื‘, ืฉื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ื“ืจืš ืคืชื— ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœื ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื‘ื™ื‘:

ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืคื•ืชื— ื˜ืคื— ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื˜ืžื. ื“ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืขื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื“ืจืš ืœืฆืืช ื“ืจืš ืคืชื— ื”ื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ื“ื›ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื˜ืคื— ืื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื™ื•ืฆืื”:

ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืคื•ืชื— ื˜ืคื— ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืคื•ืชื— ื˜ืคื—. ืœื—ื ื ื ืงื˜ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืคื•ืชื— ื˜ืคื—, ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืคื•ืชื— ื˜ืคื—, ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืœื ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ, ื“ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื—ืœืœ ื›ืœืœ ื“ืžื™ ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื‘ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืงืจืงืข ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืื•ื”ืœ ื™ื˜ืžื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืงืจืงืขื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ืขื“ ื”ืชื”ื•ื:

ืื—ื“ ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื—ืจืจื•ื”ื• ืžื™ื. ื”ืื™ ืคื•ืชื— ื˜ืคื— ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ืœื ืฉื ื ืื ื ืขืฉื” ื”ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ืื• ืฉื ืงื‘ื•ื”ื• ืฉืจืฆื™ื:

ืื• ืฉืื›ืœืชื• ืžืœื—ืช. ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืืจืฅ ืžืœื—ื”. ื›ืžื™ืŸ ืขืคืจ ืœื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืœื— ื•ืžืชืื›ืœ ื•ื ื•ืคืœ ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื—ื•ืจ ืžืืœื™ื•:

ืžืจื‘ืš ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื. ืื‘ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืขืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื•ืกื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืขืœ ื–ื•, ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ืื—ืช ืกื“ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืชื™ื ื•ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื“ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžื–ื• ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืื•ื”ืœ ื˜ืคื—:

ืกื•ืืจ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืจื•ืช. ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืขืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื–ื• ืขืœ ื–ื• ื•ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ืŸ, ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืื•ื”ืœ ื˜ืคื—:

ื›ืœ ืื”ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืื•ื”ืœ. ื“ื™ืœื™ืฃ ืื•ื”ืœ ืื•ื”ืœ ืžืžืฉื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื:

ื‘ืฉืงื™ืคื™ื. ืชืจื’ื•ื ืกืขื™ืคื™ ื”ืกืœืขื™ื, ืฉืงื™ืคื™ ื›ืคื™ื™ื:

ื•ื‘ืกืœืขื™ื. ื‘ื ืงื™ืงื™ ื”ืกืœืขื™ื. ื•ืฉืงื™ืคื™ ื•ื ืงื™ืงื™ ื”ืกืœืขื™ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืŸ, ืืœื ืฉื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื˜ืจ ื•ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืžืืœื™ื•. ื•ืืขืดื’ ื“ืœื ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื“ืœื ื™ืœื™ืฃ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ื“ืื•ื”ืœ ืื•ื”ืœ ืžืžืฉื›ืŸ ืืœื ืœืคื•ืชื— ื˜ืคื— ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื˜ืคื—, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืœื ืื’ืจื•ืฃ, ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” [ืจื™ืฉ] ืคืจืง ื”ื™ืฉืŸ. ื“ืžื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื ืขืฉื” ืžืืœื™ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืงื™ืคื™ื ื•ื‘ืกืœืขื™ื. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”: