ื ืคืชื— ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
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ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื
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ืžืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืžื™ืชืื”ืœื•ืช ื™ืดื‘:ื’ืณ - ื™ืดื‘:ื“ืณ
ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื
ืคืจืง ื’ืณ

Mishnayos Makkos Perek 3 Mishnah 5

ืžื›ื•ืช ืคืจืง ื’ืณ ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืณ

5
One who creates a bald spot upon his head, and one who rounds the edge of his head by shaving the hair adjacent to the ear, and one who mars the edge of his beard, and one who cuts one incision in a display of mourning over the dead, are all liable to receive lashes. If he cut one incision over five dead people, or five incisions over one dead person, he is liable to receive lashes for each and every one. For rounding the edges of his head, one is liable to receive two sets of lashes, one from here, the hair adjacent to one ear, and one from there, the hair adjacent to the other ear. For marring the edges of his beard there are two edges from here, on one side of his face, and two from there, on the other side, and one from below, on his chin. Rabbi Eliezer says: If he removed the hair on all the edges of his beard in one action, he is liable to receive only one set of lashes for all of them. And one is liable for marring the edges of his beard only if he removes the hair with a razor. Rabbi Eliezer says: Even if he removed the hair with tweezers [malket] or with a plane [rehitni], he is liable to receive lashes.
ื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืจึตื—ึท ืงึธืจึฐื—ึธื” ื‘ึฐืจึนืืฉืื•ึน, ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึทืงึผึดื™ืฃ ืคึผึฐืึทืช ืจึนืืฉืื•ึน, ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึทืฉืึฐื—ึดื™ืช ืคึผึฐืึทืช ื–ึฐืงึธื ื•ึน, ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึผื‚ื•ึนืจึตื˜ ืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื˜ึธื” ืึทื—ึทืช ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึผึตืช, ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘. ืฉื‚ึธืจึทื˜ ืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื˜ึธื” ืึทื—ึทืช ืขึทืœ ื—ึฒืžึดืฉึผืึธื” ืžึตืชึดื™ื ืื•ึน ื—ึธืžึตืฉื ืฉื‚ึฐืจึดื™ื˜ื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ืžึตืช ืึถื—ึธื“, ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ืึทื—ึทืช ื•ึฐืึถื—ึธืช. ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืจึนืืฉื, ืฉืึฐืชึผึทื™ึดื, ืึทื—ึทืช ืžึดื›ึผึธืืŸ ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืช ืžึดื›ึผึธืืŸ. ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื–ึผึธืงึธืŸ, ืฉืึฐืชึผึทื™ึดื ืžึดื›ึผึธืืŸ ื•ึผืฉืึฐืชึผึทื™ึดื ืžึดื›ึผึธืืŸ ื•ึฐืึทื—ึทืช ืžึดืœึผึฐืžึธื˜ึผึธื”. ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึฑืœึดื™ืขึถื–ึถืจ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ, ืึดื ื ึฐื˜ึธืœื•ึน ื›ึปืœึผื•ึน ื›ึฐืึทื—ึทืช, ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืึถืœึผึธื ืึถื—ึธืช. ื•ึฐืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘ ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื™ึผึดื˜ึผึฐืœึถื ึผื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืชึธืขึทืจ. ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึฑืœึดื™ืขึถื–ึถืจ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ, ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืœึดืงึผึฐื˜ื•ึน ื‘ึฐืžึทืœึฐืงึตื˜ ืื•ึน ื‘ึดืจึฐื”ึดื™ื˜ึฐื ึดื™, ื—ึทื™ึผึธื‘:
ื”ืณ
ื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื

ื”ืงื•ืจื— ืงืจื—ื” โ€“ because he is liable for each act of making a bald spot (Tractate Makkot 20a) and for each act of making an incision for a dead person and for every corner of his head that he mars, which is not the case when one eats forbidden fat repeatedly, and because of this, it is taught in our Mishnah, but the rest of the mere negative commandments which lack a novel [lesson], it did not teach.

ืงืจื—ื” โ€“ of the dead, as it is written (Deuteronomy 14:1): โ€œor shave the front of your heads because of the dead.โ€ And even though that concerning the Kohanim, it is not written, โ€œon the dead,โ€ we have already learned through an analogy from [the repetition of the word]: "ืงืจื—ื”" "ืงืจื—ื”" (see Leviticus 21:5 โ€“โ€œThey shall not shave smooth any part of their heads, or cut the side-growth of their beards, or make gashes in their fleshโ€ together with Deuteronomy 14:1); just as Israelites are commanded because of the dead, so too are Kohanim, and the measure of the โ€œshaving smoothโ€ is the size of a bean.

ื”ืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ืจืืฉื• โ€“ He who makes his temples as hairless as the spot back of his ears (Makkot 20b), and his forehead, and even on shaving with scissors where there is no destruction [of the head], he is liable regarding the corner of his head, and specifically on his beard (i.e., โ€œor cut the side-growth of their beardsโ€ โ€“ Leviticus 21:5 and Leviticus 19:27: โ€œYou shall not round off the side-growth on your headโ€), it is written โ€œdestroyโ€ only with a razor, but regarding the corner of the head, [the word] "ื”ืงืคื”"/โ€roundingโ€ is written (Leviticus 21:5 โ€“ โ€œthey shall not shave smooth any part of their headsโ€), in every matter in which he โ€œroundsโ€ โ€“ he is liable.

ืฉืจื™ื˜ื” ืื—ืช ืขืœ ื—ืžืฉื” ืžืชื™ื ืื• ื—ืžืฉ ืฉืจื™ื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืช ืื—ื“ โ€“ as it is written (Leviticus 19:28): โ€œYou shall not make gashes in your flesh for the deadโ€ to be liable for each and every gash and for each and every dead person, and even though there wasnโ€™t anything other than one warning, all five gashes at one time, one is liable [for each and every one].

ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืชื™ื โ€“ one on the right and one on the left

ื•ืขืœ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ืฉืชื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ โ€“ the place of the attachment of the jaw to the bone, one on the right of the chin and the other on its left, and the pointed ends of the chin (i.e., the lower jawbones and the chin proper) in the middle, that makes โ€œthree.โ€ And the attachment of the temples from one side and the other makes โ€œfive.โ€ The upper cheekbone which is attached to the temples and the lower cheekbone on the right, and the upper cheekbone and the lower cheekbone on the left โ€“ these are two from here and two from there, and finally the beard and the hair coming out from it like a spike/ear of corn; therefore, it is called "ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืช"/like an ear of corn/a spike, that makes โ€œfive.โ€

ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืœื ืื—ืช โ€“ for since it is one negative commandment, it is like someone who eats two olives of forbidden fat with [only] one warning.

ืขื“ ืฉื™ื˜ืœื ื• ื‘ืชืขืจ โ€“ it refers to the corner of the beard, as it is written [in the Torah] concerning shaving and destroying (Leviticus 19:27 โ€“ โ€œnor destroy the side-growth of your beardโ€ and Leviticus 21:5 โ€“ โ€œor cut the side-growths of their beardsโ€).

ืžืœืงื˜ โ€“ an instrument that is made like tongs, to remove the hair.

ืจื”ื™ื˜ื ื™ โ€“ in the language of the Bible, it is an adze. It is an instrument that a carpenter uses to separate the face of the board.

ื”ืงื•ืจื— ืงืจื—ื”. ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืงืจื—ื” ื•ืงืจื—ื” ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืจื™ื˜ื” ื•ืฉืจื™ื˜ื” ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืื” ื•ืคืื”, ืžื” ืฉืืดื› ื‘ืื•ื›ืœ ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื—ืœื‘, ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืชื ื™ื ื”ื• ื‘ืžืชื ื™ืชื™ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ืฉืืจ ืœืื•ื™ ื’ืจื™ื“ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืœื ืชื ื:

ืงืจื—ื”. ืขืœ ืžืช. ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืดื“:ืืณ) ื•ืœื ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืงืจื—ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื ืœืžืช. ื•ืืขืดื’ ื“ื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืช, ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืžืงืจื—ื” ืงืจื—ื”, ืžื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืžืช, ืืฃ ื‘ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืช. ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืงืจื—ื” ื›ื’ืจื™ืก:

ื”ืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ืจืืฉื•. ืžืฉื•ื” ืฆื“ืขื™ื• ืœืื—ื•ืจื™ ืื–ื ื• ื•ืคื“ื—ืชื•. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ืฉื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ืฉื—ืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืคืืช ื”ืจืืฉ, ื“ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื–ืงืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื—ืชื” ื•ืื™ื ื” ืืœื ื‘ืชืขืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ื”ืงืคื” ื›ืชื™ื‘, ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื™ืฃ ื—ื™ื™ื‘:

ืฉืจื™ื˜ื” ืื—ืช ืขืœ ื—ืžืฉื” ืžืชื™ื ืื• ื—ืžืฉ ืฉืจื™ื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืช ืื—ื“. ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ืดื˜:ื›ืดื—) ื•ืฉืจื˜ ืœื ืคืฉ ืœื ืชืชื ื•, ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืจื™ื˜ื” ื•ืฉืจื™ื˜ื” ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉ ื•ื ืคืฉ, ื•ืืขืดืค ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื ืืœื ื”ืชืจืื” ืื—ืช ื•ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉืจื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช, ื—ื™ื™ื‘:

ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืชื™ื. ืื—ืช ืขืœ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืื—ืช ืขืœ ืฉืžืืœ:

ื•ืขืœ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ืฉืชื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ. ืžืงื•ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกื ื˜ืจ ืœืขืฆื, ืื—ืช ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืกื ื˜ืจ ื•ืื—ืช ืžืฉืžืืœื•, ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืข, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœืฉ, ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื“ืขื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ืจื™ ื—ืžืฉ. ืœื—ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืฆื“ืขื™ื ื•ืœื—ื™ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื—ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉืžืืœ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืชื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ, ื•ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ืฉื”ืฉืขืจ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืžื ื• ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืœืช, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืงืจื ืฉื‘ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ืงืŸ, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื—ืžืฉ:

ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืœื ืื—ืช. ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืœืื• ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืชื™ ื–ื™ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื”ืชืจืื” ืื—ืช:

ืขื“ ืฉื™ื˜ืœื ื• ื‘ืชืขืจ. ืืคืืช ื–ืงืŸ ืงืื™, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื” ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื•ื”ืฉื—ืชื”:

ืžืœืงื˜. ื›ืœื™ ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืžืœืงื—ื™ื, ืœืœืงื˜ ืืช ื”ืฉืขืจ:

ืจื”ื™ื˜ื ื™. ื”ื•ื ืžืขืฆื“ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžืงืจื. ื›ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื—ืœื™ืง ื—ืจืฉ ืขืฆื™ื ืคื ื™ ื”ืœื•ื—. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจืณ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ: