Mishnayos Kesuvos Perek 6 Mishnah 3
ืืชืืืืช ืคืจืง ืืณ ืืฉื ื ืืณ
3
The mishna addresses another matter. If the woman had pledged to bring in for him one thousand dinars in cash as a dowry, he then pledges, in the marriage contract, that he will give her fifteen hundred dinars against them. That is, he writes in the marriage document that in the event of divorce or his death, he will pay her that greater amount. And against the appraisal of goods such as utensils and other movable items that are included in the dowry, he pledges one-fifth less than the amount of the evaluation. This is because movable property is generally assessed at a value one-fifth higher than the actual value, and he cannot earn any money from these items. If the appraisal is set at one hundred dinars and the property is actually worth one hundred dinars, then since the appraisal is conducted at market value he has a claim to property worth only one hundred dinars. Likewise, he may not record a decreased sum of property. His recorded appraisal of the movable property that she brings into the marriage is one hundred dinars only when she is giving thirty-one sela and one dinar, equal to 125 dinars. This is because the actual value is one-fifth less than the inflated evaluation, as explained. And similarly, he pledges four hundred dinars against her assets only when she is giving five hundred, based on the inflated assessment of their worth, such that the real value is four hundred dinars. In contrast, what the son-in-law pledges according to the amount of the dowry that the bride brings, he pledges one-fifth less in the marriage contract, which is the actual value of the property.
ืคึผึธืกึฐืงึธื ืึฐืึทืึฐื ึดืืก ืืึน ืึถืึถืฃ ืึผึดืื ึธืจ, ืืึผื ืคืึนืกึตืง ืึผึฐื ึถืึฐืึผึธื ืึฒืึดืฉึผืึธื ืขึธืฉืึธืจ ืึธื ึถื. ืึผืึฐื ึถืึถื ืึทืฉึผืืึผื, ืืึผื ืคืึนืกึตืง ืคึผึธืืึนืช ืึนืึถืฉื. ืฉืืึผื ืึผึฐืึธื ึถื ืึฐืฉืึธืึถื ืึธื ึถื, ืึตืื ืืึน ืึถืึผึธื ืึธื ึถื. ืฉืืึผื ืึผึฐืึธื ึถื, ืึดืื ื ืึนืชึถื ึถืช ืฉืึฐืึนืฉืึดืื ืึฐืึถืึธื ืกึถืึทืข ืึฐืึดืื ึธืจ. ืึผืึฐืึทืจึฐืึผึทืข ืึตืืึนืช, ืึดืื ื ืึนืชึถื ึถืช ืึฒืึตืฉื ืึตืืึนืช. ืึทื ืฉึผืึถืึธืชึธื ืคึผืึนืกึตืง, ืืึผื ืคืึนืกึตืง ืคึผึธืืึนืช ืึนืึถืฉื:
ืืณ
ืืจืื ืืจื
ืืืื ืคืืกืง ืื ืืื ื"ื ืื ื โ they are one thousand Denars [that the woman brings into the marriage], which are ten Maneh, and when the groom comes to accept upon himself and to write in the Ketubah , he writes one third more, which are fifteen Maneh, and if the bride brought in to him discernible Denarim because he profits through them.
ืืื ืื ืืฉืื โ if she brought in [to the marriage] clothing and ornaments that require estimation, he agrees to restore one-fifth less, so if he brought in an estimated value of one-thousand Zuz, he doesnโt accept upon himself other than eight hundred, for it the manner of those who come to estimate clothing and the property of the bride to estimate them as greater than their worth in honor of the bride and to make her more beloved to her husband.
ืฉืื ืืื ื ืืฉืื ืืื ื โ meaning to say, if they did not estimate the property of the bride and her adornments other than like they are worth in the marketplace.
ืืื ืื ืืื ืื ื โ they should not write into the document of the Ketubah other than a Man as they have estimated.
ืฉืื ืืื ื ืืื ื ืืชื ืช ืฉืืฉืื ืืืื ืกืืข ืืืื ืจ โ the estimation that he accepts her for a Maneh that they told him, write โManehโ in the Ketubah and she shall bring in an estimation of a Maneh. They must place it in the house of the wedding ceremony thirty one Selah and a Sinar which is a Maneh and a fifth larger.
ืืืืจืืข ืืืืช โ the estimated value that the groom accepts upon himself to write four hundred [in the Ketubah], she gives five hundred according to the valuation of those designated/appointed.
ืืืฉืืชื ืคืืกืง ืืื' โ and if they estimated first and she brought in to him whether a small or a large valuation, he writes into the document one-fifth less.
ืืืื ืคืืกืง ืื ืืื ืืดื ืื ื. ืืืฃ ืืื ืจ ืื ืขืฉืจื ืื ื, ืืืฉืื ืืืชื ืืงืื ืขืืื ืืืืชืื ืืืชืืื, ืืืชื ืฉืืืฉ ืืืชืจ, ืฉืื ืืดื ืื ื, ืื ืืื ืืกื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืจืื ืืขืื, ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ืืฉืชืืจ ืืื:
ืืื ืื ืืฉืื. ืืื ืืื ืืกื ืื ืืืืื ืืชืืฉืืืื ืฉืฆืจืืืื ืฉืืื, ืืื ืคืืกืง ืคืืืช ืืืืฉ, ืฉืื ืืื ืืกื ืฉืื ืฉื ืืืฃ ืืื ืืื ื ืืงืื ืขืืื ืืื ืืณ ืืืืช, ืฉืืจื ืืืืื ืืฉืื ืืืืืื ืื ืืกืื ืฉื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืชืจ ืืฉืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืขื ืืขืื:
ืฉืื ืืื ื ืืฉืื ืืื ื. ืืืืืจ ืื ืื ืฉืื ื ืืกื ืืืื ืืชืืฉืืืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืฉืืื ืืฉืืง:
ืืื ืื ืืื ืื ื. ืื ืืืชืื ืืฉืืจ ืืืชืืื ืืื ืื ื ืืื ืฉืฉืื:
ืฉืื ืืื ื ืืื ื ืืชื ืช ืฉืืฉืื ืืืื ืกืืข ืืืื ืจ. ืฉืื ืฉืืื ืืงืืื ืืื ื, ืฉืืืจื ืื ืืชืื ืื ื ืืืชืืื ืืืื ืชืื ืืก ืื ืฉืื ืฉื ืื ื, ืฆืจืื ืฉืืฉืืื ืืืชื ืืืืช ืืืชืื ื ืฉืืฉืื ืืืื ืกืืข ืืืื ืจ ืฉืืื ืื ื ืืืืืฉื:
ืืืืจืืข ืืืืช. ืฉืื, ืืฉืืงืื ืขืืื ืืืชื ืืืชืื ืืณ ืืืืช. ืืื ื ืืชื ืช ืืืฉ ืืืืช ืืคื ืฉืืืช ืื ืืขืืื:
ืืืฉืืชื ืคืืกืง ืืืืณ ืืื ืฉืื ืื ืชืืื ืืืื ืืกื ืื, ืืื ืฉืื ืงืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืื, ืืื ืืืชื ืืฉืืจ ืคืืืช ืืืืฉ: