ื ืคืชื— ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
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ืคืจืง ื—ืณ

Mishnayos Eruchin Perek 8 Mishnah 7

ืขืจื›ื™ืŸ ืคืจืง ื—ืณ ืžืฉื ื” ื–ืณ

7
As the Sages delineated: A person may dedicate his sacrificial animals, both offerings of the most sacred order and offerings of lesser sanctity. If the offering he dedicated was the object of a vow, e.g., if he said: It is incumbent upon me to sacrifice a burnt offering, since he is obligated to replace such offerings they are considered his property, and therefore he gives their value to the priests. And if the offering he dedicated was a gift offering, e.g., if he said: This animal is a burnt offering, in which case he is not obligated to replace the animal, he gives the monetary benefit that he has in them. For example, if he said: This bull is a burnt offering, one estimates how much money a person would be willing to give in order to sacrifice the animal as a voluntary burnt offering, even though he is not permitted to do so. With regard to a firstborn animal, whether it is unblemished or whether it is blemished, its owner may dedicate it. And how does one assess the payment required to redeem it? One estimates how much an Israelite person would be willing to give in exchange for that firstborn in order to give it to a priest who is his daughterโ€™s son or to a priest who is his sisterโ€™s son. Rabbi Yishmael says: One verse states: โ€œAll the firstborn males that are born of your herd and of your flock you shall consecrate to the Lord your Godโ€ (Deuteronomy 15:19), and one verse states: โ€œHowever, the firstborn among animals that is born first to the Lord, a man shall not consecrate itโ€ (Leviticus 27:26). It is impossible to say: โ€œYou shall consecrate,โ€ as it is already stated: โ€œA man shall not consecrate.โ€ It is likewise impossible to say: โ€œA man shall not consecrate,โ€ as it is already stated: โ€œYou shall consecrate.โ€ How, then, can these verses be reconciled? You can consecrate the firstborn animal by a consecration of value, i.e., an individual can donate to the Temple treasury the amount he would be willing to pay for the right to give the firstborn to a specific priest; and you cannot consecrate it by a consecration for the altar, as a firstborn may not be sacrificed for the sake of any other offering.
ืžึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ื ืึธื“ึธื ืึถืช ืงึธื“ึธืฉืึธื™ื•, ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืึตื™ ืงึธื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ืงึธื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื ืงึทืœึผึดื™ื. ืึดื ื ึถื“ึถืจ, ื ื•ึนืชึตืŸ ืึถืช ื”ึทื“ึผึธืžึดื™ื. ืึดื ื ึฐื“ึธื‘ึธื”, ื ื•ึนืชึตืŸ ืึถืช ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึธืชื•ึน. ืฉืื•ึนืจ ื–ึถื” ืขื•ึนืœึธื”, ืื•ึนืžึฐื“ึดื™ื ื›ึผึทืžึผึธื” ืึธื“ึธื ืจื•ึนืฆึถื” ืœึดืชึผึตืŸ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึนืจ ื–ึถื” ืœึฐื”ึทืขึฒืœื•ึนืชื•ึน ืขื•ึนืœึธื”, ืฉืึถืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืจึทืฉึผืึทืื™. ื”ึทื‘ึผึฐื›ื•ึนืจ, ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึทืขึทืœ ืžื•ึผื, ืžึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืžึดื™ืŸ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน. ื›ึผึตื™ืฆึทื“ ืคึผื•ึนื“ึดื™ืŸ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน. ื”ึทืคึผื•ึนื“ึดื™ืŸ ืื•ึนืžึฐื“ึดื™ื ื›ึผึทืžึผึธื” ืึธื“ึธื ืจื•ึนืฆึถื” ืœึดืชึผึตืŸ ื‘ึผึดื‘ึฐื›ื•ึนืจ ื–ึถื”, ืœึดืชึผึฐื ื•ึน ืœึฐื‘ึถืŸ ื‘ึผึดืชึผื•ึน ืื•ึน ืœึฐื‘ึถืŸ ืึฒื—ื•ึนืชื•ึน. ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืขึตืืœ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ, ื›ึผึธืชื•ึผื‘ ืึถื—ึธื“ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืชึผึทืงึฐื“ึผึดื™ืฉื, ื•ึฐื›ึธืชื•ึผื‘ ืึถื—ึธื“ ืื•ึนืžึตืจ ืึทืœ ืชึผึทืงึฐื“ึผึดื™ืฉื. ืึดื™ ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ืชึผึทืงึฐื“ึผึดื™ืฉื, ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ื ึถืึฑืžึทืจ ืึทืœ ืชึผึทืงึฐื“ึผึดื™ืฉื, ื•ึฐืึดื™ ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ืœื•ึนืžึทืจ ืึทืœ ืชึผึทืงึฐื“ึผึดื™ืฉื, ืฉืึถื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ื ึถืึฑืžึทืจ ืชึผึทืงึฐื“ึผึดื™ืฉื. ืึฑืžื•ึนืจ ืžึตืขึทืชึผึธื”, ืžึทืงึฐื“ึผึดื™ืฉืื•ึน ืึทืชึผึธื” ื”ึถืงึฐื“ึผึตืฉื ืขึดืœึผื•ึผื™, ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืžึทืงึฐื“ึผึดื™ืฉืื•ึน ื”ึถืงึฐื“ึผึตืฉื ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึตื—ึท:
ื–ืณ
ื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื

ื•ืื ื ื“ืจ โ€“ if he said: โ€œthis burnt-offering will be upon me,โ€ and he separated an animal for his vow and afterwards dedicated it to sacred purposes, but since he is liable for its guarantee/surety (i.e., property which may be resorted to in the event of non-payment) if it (i.e., the animal) died or was stolen, and it is found that it is, and he gives all of its monetary value to the Kohen, but he will offer the animal up as a sacrifice in fulfillment of his vow, for this certainly has redemption.

ื•ืื ื ืงื‘ื” ื”ื™ื โ€“ that he is not liable for its surety if it died, property set apart for the priest or sacred use do not take effect, for it is not his, but rather incidentally, its worth. And the worth that it has for him he gives to the Kohen. How so? โ€œThis bull will be a burnt-offering,โ€ and he dedicated it to the priests or for sacred purposes, they estimate how much a person who is not liable for a burnt-offering wants to give if he would find a burnt-offering cheaply in order to offer a sacrificial gift to his Creator, and equivalent to those monies, he gives that, for this is the satisfaction that he feels in obligating someone with it. For if it had died or was stolen, he is not liable for the surety, and when he separated it [for this purpose], he had fulfilled its obligation, but from now, he does not destroy nor lose anything other than the fact that he did not offer a sacrificial gift to His creator.

ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจืฉืื™ โ€“ that he is not obligated for [a burnt-offering]. The Aramaic translation of ื ื•ืฉื”/ (see Psalms 109: 11: โ€œMay his creditor/ื ื•ืฉื” seize all his possessionsโ€) is ืจืฉื™ื /pressing creditor.

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคื•ื“ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• โ€“ that regarding the firstling, its body is not dedicated to the priest or to sacred purposes, for it is not his but rather belongs to the Kohen. But rather, they estimate, how much a person would wish to give to the owner when he gives his first-born animal to the son of his daughter who is a Kohen or to the son of his sister. And that worth is what he gives, that this owner will give It to the Kohen for the property set apart for the use by the Kohen or for Temple use. And especially, it (i.e., the Mishnah) took the words, โ€œthe son of his daughter or the son of his sister, who is a Kohen,โ€ for whereas it was the Kohen himself, he would not be able to give the satisfaction one feels in obligating someone to the owner in order that he should give the firstling to him or to another Kohen, for since the firstling is fit for him, he appears like a Kohen who is assisting in the granary to thresh and to winnow in order that they will give him heave-offerings as his salary, and it is found that he does not take it according to the law of heave-offerings, but rather according to law of salary [as payment for labor performed].

ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ืชืงื“ื™ืฉ โ€“ regarding the firstling, it is written (Deuteronomy 15:19): โ€œYou shall consecrate [to the LORD your God] all male firstlings that are born [in your herd and in our flock: you must not work your firstling ox or shear your firstling sheep].โ€

ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ืืœ ืชืงื“ื™ืฉ โ€“(Leviticus 27:26): โ€œA firstling of animals, however, -which -as a firstling โ€“ is the LORDโ€™s, cannot be consecrated by anybody; [whether ox or sheep, it is the LORDโ€™s].โ€

ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืขื™ืœื•ื™ (consecration by valuation: a pledge made to consecrate an article that is already sacred; a person is obligated to pay the amount one would be willing to pay to sacrifice that offering โ€“ but not necessarily the full value of the offering) โ€“ to offer up in money that he would give for the satisfaction one feels in obligating someone how much [money] that a person wishes to give to offer up a burnt-offering that he is not obligated for but rather in order to make a gift to his Creator.

ื•ืื™ ืืชื” ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื• ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืžื–ื‘ื— โ€“ that there will be there another [sacrifice] that will rest upon him. But the Rabbis who derive for them this exposition above (see Tractate Arakhin, Chapter 8, Mishnah 6): โ€œfrom everything that is devoted to the priests or to sacred purposes are the most holy things,โ€ [the words] "ืืœ ืชืงื“ื™ืฉ" /โ€You will not sanctifyโ€ (Leviticus 27:26) is required for them as a negative commandment, for if one seizes it for the purposes of another sacrifices, he is violating a negative commandment, and [the word] "ืชืงื“ื™ืฉ"/โ€You shall sanctifyโ€ (Deuteronomy 15:19) they require to state that it is a commandment to sanctify it and to state this is holy for a first-born, and even though that of its own it is holy. But Rabbi Yishmael does not hold by this exposition. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.

ืื ื ื“ืจ. ืื ืืžืจ ื”ืจื™ ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืžื” ืœื ื“ืจื• ื•ืื—ืดื› ื”ื—ืจื™ืžื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื” ืื ืžืชื” ืื• ื ื’ื ื‘ื”, ื ืžืฆืืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ื›ืœ ื“ืžื™ื” ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ืœื ื“ืจื•, ื“ื”ื ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ:

ื•ืื ื ื“ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื. ื“ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื” ืื ืžืชื”, ื”ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ื” ื—ืจื, ื“ืœืื• ื“ื™ื“ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืืœื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ืชื”, ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ื” ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื”ืŸ. ื›ื™ืฆื“, ืฉื•ืจ ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื—ืจื™ืžื•, ืื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืžื” ืื“ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื™ืชืŸ ืื ื™ืžืฆื ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื–ื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ ืœืงื•ื ื•, ื•ื›ืื•ืชืŸ ื“ืžื™ื ื™ืชืŸ ื–ื”, ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื ืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ื”. ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื ืžืชื” ืื• ื ื’ื ื‘ื” ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื”, ื•ืžืฉื”ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื”, ื•ืžืขืชื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืื‘ื“ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืคืกื™ื“ ืืœื ืฉืœื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ ืœืงื•ื ื•:

ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™. ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘. ืชืจื’ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื” ืจืฉื™ื:

ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืคื•ื“ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•. ื“ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื’ื•ืคื• ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื—ืจื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื• ืืœื ืœื›ื”ืŸ. ืืœื ืื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืžื” ืื“ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื• ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ืชื• ื›ื”ืŸ ืื• ืœื‘ืŸ ืื—ื•ืชื•, ื•ืื•ืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื“ื™ื”ื™ื‘, ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื–ื” ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื—ืจื. ื•ื“ื•ืงื ื ืงื˜ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืชื• ืื• ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื•ืชื• ื›ื”ืŸ, ื“ืื™ืœื• ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื• ืœื ืžืฆื™ ืœืžื™ืชืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื ืื” ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืŸ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืœื• ืื• ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื—ื–ื™ ืœื™ื” ืžื™ื—ื–ื™ ื›ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ืจื ื•ืช ืœื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืœื–ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืœื• ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื›ืจื•, ื•ืืฉืชื›ื— ื“ืœื ืฉืงื™ืœ ืœื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืชืจื•ืžื” ืืœื ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืฉื›ืจ:

ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืื•ืžืจ ืชืงื“ื™ืฉ. ื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ืดื•:ื™ืดื˜) ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืœื“ ืชืงื“ื™ืฉ:

ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืืœ ืชืงื“ื™ืฉ. (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ืดื–:ื›ืดื•) ืืš ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื•ื›ืจ ืœื”ืณ ื‘ื‘ื”ืžื” ืœื ื™ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื•:

ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืขื™ืœื•ื™. ืœื”ืขืœื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืชืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื ืืชื• ื›ืžื” ืื“ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื• ืœื”ืขืœื•ืชื• ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื” ืืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ ืœืงื•ื ื•:

ื•ืื™ ืืชื” ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื• ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืžื–ื‘ื—. ืฉื™ื”ื ืฉื [ื–ื‘ื—] ืื—ืจ ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื“ื ืคืงื ืœื”ื• ื”ืš ื“ืจืฉื ืœืขื™ืœ ืžื›ืœ ื—ืจื ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืืœ ืชืงื“ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื‘ืขื™ ืœื”ื• ืœืœืื•, ืฉืื ืžืชืคื™ืกื• ืœืฉื ื–ื‘ื— ืื—ืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืื•, ื•ืชืงื“ื™ืฉ ืžื‘ืขื™ ืœื”ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื• ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ื–ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืœื‘ื›ื•ืจื”, ื•ืืขืดื’ ื“ืžืืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ. ื•ืจืณ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืœื™ืช ืœื™ื” ื”ืš ื“ืจืฉื. ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื—ื›ืžื™ื: